महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-73, verse-58

तेऽभियाता महेष्वासाः सुवर्णविकृतध्वजाः ।
परीप्सन्तोऽभ्यधावन्त धृष्टद्युम्नवृकोदरौ ॥५८॥

58. te'bhiyātā maheṣvāsāḥ suvarṇavikṛtadhvajāḥ ,
parīpsanto'bhyadhāvanta dhṛṣṭadyumnavṛkodarau.

58. te abhiyātāḥ maheṣvāsāḥ suvarṇavikṛtadhvajāḥ
parīpsantaḥ abhyadhāvanta dhṛṣṭadyumnavṛkodarau

58. te maheṣvāsāḥ suvarṇavikṛtadhvajāḥ parīpsantaḥ
dhṛṣṭadyumnavṛkodarau abhiyātāḥ abhyadhāvanta

58. Those great archers, whose banners were adorned with gold, rushed forward, desiring to seize Dhrishtadyumna and Bhima (Vrikodara).

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they, those

• अभियाताः (abhiyātāḥ) - having approached, having advanced

• महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - great archers, great bowmen

• सुवर्णविकृतध्वजाः (suvarṇavikṛtadhvajāḥ) - having banners adorned with gold, with gold-decorated flags

• परीप्सन्तः (parīpsantaḥ) - desiring to seize or capture (in battle context) (desiring to seize, wishing to obtain, intending to protect)

• अभ्यधावन्त (abhyadhāvanta) - they rushed towards, they ran against

• धृष्टद्युम्नवृकोदरौ (dhṛṣṭadyumnavṛkodarau) - Dhrishtadyumna and Vrikodara (Bhima)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Nominative plural masculine of 'tad'.

अभियाताः (abhiyātāḥ) - having approached, having advanced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhiyāta

abhiyāta - approached, gone towards, attacked

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prefix 'abhi' and root 'yā' (to go) with the 'kta' (PPP) suffix.

Prefix: abhi

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Past Passive Participle modifying 'te'.

महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - great archers, great bowmen

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - great archer, one who has a great bow

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• iṣvāsa – archer, bowman (one who has an arrow-bow)
  noun (masculine)
  From 'iṣu' (arrow) and 'āsa' (sitting, being, or from 'as' to throw, hence one who uses an arrow).

सुवर्णविकृतध्वजाः (suvarṇavikṛtadhvajāḥ) - having banners adorned with gold, with gold-decorated flags

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suvarṇavikṛtadhvaja

suvarṇavikṛtadhvaja - having banners adorned with gold

Compound type : bahuvrihi (suvarṇa+vikṛta+dhvaja)

• suvarṇa – gold, good color
  noun (neuter)
• vikṛta – adorned, decorated, modified, altered
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from prefix 'vi' and root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with the 'kta' (PPP) suffix.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound adjective modifying 'te'.

परीप्सन्तः (parīpsantaḥ) - desiring to seize or capture (in battle context) (desiring to seize, wishing to obtain, intending to protect)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parīpsat

parīpsat - desiring to obtain, wishing to seize, wanting to protect

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

Present active participle of the desiderative verb 'parīpsati' (to wish to obtain/seize), derived from prefix 'pari' and root 'āp' (to obtain) with desiderative suffix 'san' and participial 'śatṛ'.

Prefix: pari

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Present Active Participle modifying 'te'.

अभ्यधावन्त (abhyadhāvanta) - they rushed towards, they ran against

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dhāv

Imperfect tense, active voice

From root 'dhāv' (to run) with prefix 'abhi' (towards, against).

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Third person plural imperfect active of 'abhidhāv'.

धृष्टद्युम्नवृकोदरौ (dhṛṣṭadyumnavṛkodarau) - Dhrishtadyumna and Vrikodara (Bhima)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of dhṛṣṭadyumnavṛkodara

dhṛṣṭadyumnavṛkodara - Dhrishtadyumna and Bhima (Vrikodara)

Compound type : dvandva (dhṛṣṭadyumna+vṛkodara)

• dhṛṣṭadyumna – Dhrishtadyumna (a son of Drupada)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vṛkodara – Vrikodara (an epithet of Bhima, meaning 'wolf-bellied' or 'voracious')
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Accusative dual, object of 'abhyadhāvanta'.