महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-73, verse-48

ततो द्रोणो राजगृद्धी त्वरितोऽभिययौ रणात् ।
तत्रापश्यन्महेष्वासो भारद्वाजः प्रतापवान् ।
धृष्टद्युम्नं च भीमं च विचरन्तौ महारणे ॥४८॥

48. tato droṇo rājagṛddhī tvarito'bhiyayau raṇāt ,
tatrāpaśyanmaheṣvāso bhāradvājaḥ pratāpavān ,
dhṛṣṭadyumnaṁ ca bhīmaṁ ca vicarantau mahāraṇe.

48. tataḥ droṇaḥ rājagṛddhī tvaritaḥ
abhiyayau raṇāt tatra apaśyat maheṣvāsaḥ
bhāradvājaḥ pratāpavān dhṛṣṭadyumnaṃ
ca bhīmaṃ ca vicarantau mahāraṇe

48. tataḥ rājagṛddhī droṇaḥ tvaritaḥ
raṇāt abhiyayau tatra pratāpavān
maheṣvāsaḥ bhāradvājaḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnaṃ ca
bhīmaṃ ca mahāraṇe vicarantau apaśyat

48. Then, Drona, desirous of royal power, quickly departed from the battle. There, the mighty Bharadvaja (Drona), a great archer, saw Dhrishtadyumna and Bhima moving about in the great battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Dronacharya (Drona)

• राजगृद्धी (rājagṛddhī) - desirous of royal power, longing for a kingdom

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - hurried, swift, quick

• अभिययौ (abhiyayau) - went towards, approached, departed (in this context, 'went away')

• रणात् (raṇāt) - from the battle

• तत्र (tatra) - on the battlefield (after he departed from the immediate vicinity) (there, in that place)

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw

• महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - referring to Drona (great archer, mighty bowman)

• भारद्वाजः (bhāradvājaḥ) - Drona, who was the son of the sage Bharadvaja (son of Bharadvaja)

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, powerful, glorious

• धृष्टद्युम्नं (dhṛṣṭadyumnaṁ) - The commander of the Pandava army, son of Drupada, destined to kill Drona. (Dhrishtadyumna)

• च (ca) - and

• भीमं (bhīmaṁ) - One of the Pandava brothers, known for his strength. (Bhima)

• च (ca) - and

• विचरन्तौ (vicarantau) - moving about, wandering, roaming (dual)

• महारणे (mahāraṇe) - on the great battlefield of Kurukshetra (in the great battle)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Dronacharya (Drona)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of a preceptor); bucket; a measure

राजगृद्धी (rājagṛddhī) - desirous of royal power, longing for a kingdom

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājagṛddhin

rājagṛddhin - desirous of royal power, greedy for a kingdom

Derived from 'rājan' (king/royal) and 'gṛddhi' (desire/greed). The suffix '-in' forms an adjective meaning 'having' or 'characterized by'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+gṛddhi)

• rājan – king, ruler, royal
  noun (masculine)
• gṛddhi – desire, greed, longing, eagerness
  noun (feminine)
  Root: gṛdh (class 4)

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - hurried, swift, quick

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - hurried, swift, quick, hastened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'tvar' (to hasten, to hurry) with the suffix '-kta'.

Root: tvar (class 1)

अभिययौ (abhiyayau) - went towards, approached, departed (in this context, 'went away')

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of abhi-i

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)

रणात् (raṇāt) - from the battle

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - on the battlefield (after he departed from the immediate vicinity) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of paś

The root 'dṛś' takes 'paśya' in present tense forms.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - referring to Drona (great archer, mighty bowman)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - great archer, mighty bowman

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'iṣvāsa' (archer).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• iṣvāsa – archer, bowman
  noun (masculine)

भारद्वाजः (bhāradvājaḥ) - Drona, who was the son of the sage Bharadvaja (son of Bharadvaja)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāradvāja

bhāradvāja - descendant of Bharadvaja (a sage's name)

Patronymic derived from 'Bharadvāja'.

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, powerful, glorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - possessing splendor, mighty, powerful, glorious

Derived from 'pratāpa' (splendor, might) with the possessive suffix '-vat'.

धृष्टद्युम्नं (dhṛṣṭadyumnaṁ) - The commander of the Pandava army, son of Drupada, destined to kill Drona. (Dhrishtadyumna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhrishtadyumna (name of a warrior)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भीमं (bhīmaṁ) - One of the Pandava brothers, known for his strength. (Bhima)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhima (name of a Pandava brother); terrible, formidable

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विचरन्तौ (vicarantau) - moving about, wandering, roaming (dual)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of vicarat

car - to move, to walk, to wander

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'car' with prefix 'vi-' and suffix '-śatṛ'.

Prefix: vi

Root: car (class 1)

महारणे (mahāraṇe) - on the great battlefield of Kurukshetra (in the great battle)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāraṇa

mahāraṇa - great battle, mighty combat

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+raṇa)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• raṇa – battle, combat, war
  noun (masculine)
  Root: raṇ (class 1)