महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-73, verse-23

ततो दृष्ट्वा गदाहस्तं प्रधावन्तं महाबलम् ।
सर्वेषामेव सैन्यानां संघर्षः समजायत ॥२३॥

23. tato dṛṣṭvā gadāhastaṁ pradhāvantaṁ mahābalam ,
sarveṣāmeva sainyānāṁ saṁgharṣaḥ samajāyata.

23. tataḥ dṛṣṭvā gadā-hastam pradhāvantam mahā-balam
sarveṣām eva sainyānām saṃgharṣaḥ samajāyata

23. tataḥ,
gadā-hastam pradhāvantam mahā-balam dṛṣṭvā,
sarveṣām eva sainyānām saṃgharṣaḥ samajāyata.

23. Then, upon seeing the exceedingly powerful warrior rushing forward with a mace in hand, a great commotion arose among all the armies.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, upon seeing (having seen)

• गदा-हस्तम् (gadā-hastam) - with a mace in hand (mace in hand, having a mace in hand)

• प्रधावन्तम् (pradhāvantam) - rushing forward (rushing forward, running forward)

• महा-बलम् (mahā-balam) - the exceedingly powerful warrior (very powerful, of great strength)

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

• एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizing 'all') (indeed, certainly, only, just)

• सैन्यानाम् (sainyānām) - of the armies (of the armies, of the soldiers)

• संघर्षः (saṁgharṣaḥ) - commotion (conflict, clash, friction, commotion)

• समजायत (samajāyata) - arose (arose, took place, happened)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) with the -tas suffix.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, upon seeing (having seen)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root √dṛś (to see) with the -tvā suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

गदा-हस्तम् (gadā-hastam) - with a mace in hand (mace in hand, having a mace in hand)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gadā-hasta

gadā-hasta - mace in hand

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (gadā+hasta)

• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• hasta – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies the 'mahābalam' and 'pradhāvantam'.

प्रधावन्तम् (pradhāvantam) - rushing forward (rushing forward, running forward)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pradhāvant

pradhāvant - rushing forward, running forward

Present Active Participle

From root √dhāv (to run) with upasarga pra-. Declines as an adjective.

Prefix: pra

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the person being seen.

महा-बलम् (mahā-balam) - the exceedingly powerful warrior (very powerful, of great strength)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahā-bala

mahā-bala - great strength, very powerful

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine stem of mahat used in compounds.
• bala – strength, power, army
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every

एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizing 'all') (indeed, certainly, only, just)

(indeclinable)

सैन्यानाम् (sainyānām) - of the armies (of the armies, of the soldiers)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sainya

sainya - army, host, soldier (derived from senā 'army')

From senā + ṇyaT suffix (sense of 'belonging to army' or 'made of army').

संघर्षः (saṁgharṣaḥ) - commotion (conflict, clash, friction, commotion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃgharṣa

saṁgharṣa - friction, clash, conflict, struggle, commotion

From root √ghṛṣ (to rub, grind) with upasarga sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: ghṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'samajāyata'.

समजायत (samajāyata) - arose (arose, took place, happened)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of samajāyata

Imperfect Middle

From root √jan (to be born, produce) with upasarga sam-. Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice.

Prefix: sam

Root: jan (class 4)