महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-73, verse-42

समभ्युदीर्णांश्च तवात्मजांस्तथा निशाम्य वीरानभितः स्थितान्रणे ।
जिघांसुरुग्रं द्रुपदात्मजो युवा प्रमोहनास्त्रं युयुजे महारथः ।
क्रुद्धो भृशं तव पुत्रेषु राजन्दैत्येषु यद्वत्समरे महेन्द्रः ॥४२॥

42. samabhyudīrṇāṁśca tavātmajāṁstathā; niśāmya vīrānabhitaḥ sthitānraṇe ,
jighāṁsurugraṁ drupadātmajo yuvā; pramohanāstraṁ yuyuje mahārathaḥ ,
kruddho bhṛśaṁ tava putreṣu rāja;ndaityeṣu yadvatsamare mahendraḥ.

42. samabhyudīrṇān ca tava ātmajān tathā niśāmya vīrān
abhitaḥ sthitān raṇe | jighāṃsuḥ ugram drupadātmajaḥ
yuvā pramohanāstram yuyuje mahārathaḥ | kruddhaḥ bhṛśam
tava putreṣu rājan daityeṣu yadvat samare mahendraḥ

42. rājan tava ātmajān ca vīrān rane abhitaḥ sthitān tathā samabhyudīrṇān niśāmya,
yuvā drupadātmajaḥ mahārathaḥ ugram jighāṃsuḥ kruddhaḥ bhṛśam tava putreṣu,
samare daityeṣu mahendraḥ yadvat,
pramohanāstram yuyuje

42. And seeing your sons, the heroes, having risen up and standing all around on the battlefield, the young son of Drupada (Dhṛṣṭadyumna), a great charioteer, intensely desiring to kill them, deployed the bewildering weapon (pramohanāstra). He was exceedingly angry at your sons, O King, just as Mahendra (Indra) would be with the demons in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• समभ्युदीर्णान् (samabhyudīrṇān) - having risen up together (in battle) (having risen up together, having arisen completely, surged forth)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• आत्मजान् (ātmajān) - your sons (sons, offspring)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, and

• निशाम्य (niśāmya) - having seen, having observed, having perceived

• वीरान् (vīrān) - heroes, valiant men

• अभितः (abhitaḥ) - standing all around (around, on all sides, near)

• स्थितान् (sthitān) - standing, situated, being

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

• जिघांसुः (jighāṁsuḥ) - intensely desiring to kill (desiring to kill, wishing to slay)

• उग्रम् (ugram) - intensely, terribly (modifying 'desiring to kill') (fierce, terrible, severe)

• द्रुपदात्मजः (drupadātmajaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna, son of Drupada (son of Drupada)

• युवा (yuvā) - young man, youth

• प्रमोहनास्त्रम् (pramohanāstram) - bewildering weapon, weapon causing delusion

• युयुजे (yuyuje) - he deployed (the weapon) (he employed, he used, he yoked)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, warrior of high rank

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angered, wrathful, enraged

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - very, exceedingly, greatly, intensely

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• पुत्रेषु (putreṣu) - at/towards your sons (at/towards sons)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king, king

• दैत्येषु (daityeṣu) - at/towards demons

• यद्वत् (yadvat) - just as, as, like

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• महेन्द्रः (mahendraḥ) - Indra, the king of gods (Mahendra (a name for Indra), great Indra)

Words meanings and morphology

समभ्युदीर्णान् (samabhyudīrṇān) - having risen up together (in battle) (having risen up together, having arisen completely, surged forth)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of samabhyudīrṇa

samabhyudīrṇa - risen up, emerged, surged forth

Past Passive Participle

Formed from √īr (to move, to rise) with prefixes sam-abhi-ud-

Prefixes: sam+abhi+ud

Root: īr (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

आत्मजान् (ātmajān) - your sons (sons, offspring)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ātmaja

ātmaja - son, born of oneself

Compound of ātman (self) and ja (born)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Suffix from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, and

(indeclinable)

निशाम्य (niśāmya) - having seen, having observed, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Formed from √śam (to observe, to see) with prefix ni- and -ya suffix

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 4)

वीरान् (vīrān) - heroes, valiant men

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, valiant

अभितः (abhitaḥ) - standing all around (around, on all sides, near)

(indeclinable)

स्थितान् (sthitān) - standing, situated, being

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, being, abiding

Past Passive Participle

Formed from √sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

जिघांसुः (jighāṁsuḥ) - intensely desiring to kill (desiring to kill, wishing to slay)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jighāṃsu

jighāṁsu - desirous of killing, wishing to slay

Desiderative participle

From desiderative stem of √han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

उग्रम् (ugram) - intensely, terribly (modifying 'desiring to kill') (fierce, terrible, severe)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ugra

ugra - fierce, terrible, severe, violent

Note: Used adverbially here

द्रुपदात्मजः (drupadātmajaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna, son of Drupada (son of Drupada)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drupadātmaja

drupadātmaja - son of Drupada

Compound of Drupada and ātmaja (son)

Compound type : tatpurusha (drupada+ātmaja)

• drupada – Drupada (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmaja – son, born of oneself
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of ātman (self) and ja (born)

युवा (yuvā) - young man, youth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuvan

yuvan - young, youth, young man

प्रमोहनास्त्रम् (pramohanāstram) - bewildering weapon, weapon causing delusion

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pramohanāstra

pramohanāstra - bewildering weapon, weapon causing delusion

Compound of pramohana (causing delusion) and astra (weapon)

Compound type : tatpurusha (pramohana+astra)

• pramohana – bewildering, deluding, causing unconsciousness
  adjective (neuter)
  Agent noun/Adjective from causative of √muh
  Formed from √muh (to be bewildered, faint) with prefix pra- and causative suffix -ana
  Prefix: pra
  Root: muh (class 4)
• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)

युयुजे (yuyuje) - he deployed (the weapon) (he employed, he used, he yoked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of yuj

Perfect tense, Middle voice

3rd person singular, perfect tense, middle voice of √yuj

Root: yuj (class 7)

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, warrior of high rank

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, warrior of high rank, great warrior

Compound of mahā (great) and ratha (chariot/charioteer)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, charioteer, warrior
  noun (masculine)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angered, wrathful, enraged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angered, wrathful, enraged

Past Passive Participle

Formed from √krudh (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - very, exceedingly, greatly, intensely

(indeclinable)

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

पुत्रेषु (putreṣu) - at/towards your sons (at/towards sons)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

राजन् (rājan) - O king, king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

दैत्येषु (daityeṣu) - at/towards demons

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of daitya

daitya - descendant of Diti, a demon

यद्वत् (yadvat) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, combat, war

महेन्द्रः (mahendraḥ) - Indra, the king of gods (Mahendra (a name for Indra), great Indra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahendra

mahendra - Mahendra (a name for Indra), great Indra

Compound of mahā (great) and indra (Indra)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+indra)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• indra – Indra (name of a Vedic deity, king of gods)
  proper noun (masculine)