महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-73, verse-33

ते हन्यमानाः समरे रथिनः सादिनस्तथा ।
पादाता दन्तिनश्चैव चक्रुरार्तस्वरं महत् ॥३३॥

33. te hanyamānāḥ samare rathinaḥ sādinastathā ,
pādātā dantinaścaiva cakrurārtasvaraṁ mahat.

33. te hanyamānāḥ samare rathinaḥ sādinaḥ tathā
pādātāḥ dantinaḥ ca eva cakruḥ ārtasvaram mahat

33. samare hanyamānāḥ te rathinaḥ sādinaḥ tathā
pādātāḥ ca eva dantinaḥ mahat ārtasvaram cakruḥ

33. As they were being slain in battle, the charioteers, cavalrymen, foot soldiers, and elephant riders alike, all emitted a great cry of distress.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - the enemy soldiers (they)

• हन्यमानाः (hanyamānāḥ) - being struck, being killed

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, warriors in chariots

• सादिनः (sādinaḥ) - cavalrymen, horsemen

• तथा (tathā) - and also (and, also, in the same way)

• पादाताः (pādātāḥ) - foot soldiers, infantry

• दन्तिनः (dantinaḥ) - elephant warriors/riders (elephant riders, (or) elephants)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - alike, indeed (indeed, only, certainly)

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they emitted (they made, they did)

• आर्तस्वरम् (ārtasvaram) - a cry of distress, piteous sound

• महत् (mahat) - loud, great (great, large, loud)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - the enemy soldiers (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the collective groups of soldiers mentioned next.

हन्यमानाः (hanyamānāḥ) - being struck, being killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hanyamāna

hanyamāna - being killed, being struck

Present Passive Participle

Root 'han' (to strike, kill) + yak (passive sign) + śānacpratyaya (present participle)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'te' and the following nouns.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, warriors in chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, possessing a chariot

From 'ratha' (chariot) + -in (possessive suffix)

सादिनः (sādinaḥ) - cavalrymen, horsemen

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādin

sādin - horseman, cavalryman, rider

From 'sāda' (horse) or root 'sad' (to sit) + -in (agentive/possessive suffix)

तथा (tathā) - and also (and, also, in the same way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as a conjunction.

पादाताः (pādātāḥ) - foot soldiers, infantry

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pādāta

pādāta - foot soldier, infantry

From 'pāda' (foot) + 'ata' (going)

दन्तिनः (dantinaḥ) - elephant warriors/riders (elephant riders, (or) elephants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dantin

dantin - having teeth; elephant; elephant rider

From 'danta' (tooth) + -in (possessive suffix). Refers to elephants, and by extension, those who ride them in war.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'dantinaḥ' with previous items.

एव (eva) - alike, indeed (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the inclusivity of all categories.

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they emitted (they made, they did)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root kṛ (8th class, Ubhayapadi) - reduplicated perfect form

Root: kṛ (class 8)

आर्तस्वरम् (ārtasvaram) - a cry of distress, piteous sound

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārtasvara

ārtasvara - cry of distress, piteous sound

Compound: ārta (distressed, suffering) + svara (sound, voice)

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (ārta+svara)

• ārta – distressed, afflicted, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle of root 'ṛ' (to go, rise) with 'ā' (to suffer)
  Root 'ṛ' (to go, rise) with 'ā' (to suffer) + kta
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 1)
• svara – sound, voice, tone
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'cakruḥ'.

महत् (mahat) - loud, great (great, large, loud)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty

Note: Used as an adjective for 'ārtasvaram', here taken as neuter accusative singular to match form.