महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-48, verse-58

चिह्नमात्रेण भीष्मं तु प्रजज्ञुस्तत्र कौरवाः ।
तथा पाण्डुसुताः पार्थं चिह्नमात्रेण जज्ञिरे ॥५८॥

58. cihnamātreṇa bhīṣmaṁ tu prajajñustatra kauravāḥ ,
tathā pāṇḍusutāḥ pārthaṁ cihnamātreṇa jajñire.

58. cihnamātreṇa bhīṣmam tu prajajñuḥ tatra kauravāḥ
tathā pāṇḍusutāḥ pārtham cihnamātreṇa jajñire

58. tatra kauravāḥ tu bhīṣmam cihnamātreṇa prajajñuḥ
tathā pāṇḍusutāḥ pārtham cihnamātreṇa jajñire

58. There, the Kauravas recognized Bhishma only by his emblem, and similarly, the sons of Pāṇḍu recognized Pārtha only by his emblem.

Words meanings summery:

• चिह्नमात्रेण (cihnamātreṇa) - by merely a sign, by emblem alone

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - the venerable warrior Bhishma (Bhishma (accusative))

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• प्रजज्ञुः (prajajñuḥ) - they recognized, they knew well

• तत्र (tatra) - on the battlefield (there, in that place)

• कौरवाः (kauravāḥ) - the warriors on Duryodhana's side (Kauravas, descendants of Kuru)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so

• पाण्डुसुताः (pāṇḍusutāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, Sahadeva) (sons of Pāṇḍu)

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (Pārtha (accusative), son of Pṛthā (Kunti))

• चिह्नमात्रेण (cihnamātreṇa) - by merely a sign, by emblem alone

• जज्ञिरे (jajñire) - they recognized, they knew

Words meanings and morphology

चिह्नमात्रेण (cihnamātreṇa) - by merely a sign, by emblem alone

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of cihnamātra

cihnamātra - mere sign, only a mark, solely by emblem

Compound type : tatpurusha (cihna+mātra)

• cihna – sign, mark, emblem, symbol
  noun (neuter)
• mātra – only, merely, measuring
  adjective (neuter)

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - the venerable warrior Bhishma (Bhishma (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name), terrible, formidable

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

प्रजज्ञुः (prajajñuḥ) - they recognized, they knew well

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of prajñā

Perfect Active

Root 'jñā' with prefix 'pra', Reduplicated Perfect, Active voice, 3rd person plural.

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

तत्र (tatra) - on the battlefield (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

कौरवाः (kauravāḥ) - the warriors on Duryodhana's side (Kauravas, descendants of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, a member of the Kuru dynasty

तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so

(indeclinable)

पाण्डुसुताः (pāṇḍusutāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, Sahadeva) (sons of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍusuta

pāṇḍusuta - son of Pandu

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāṇḍu+suta)

• pāṇḍu – Pandu (proper name), pale
  proper noun (masculine)
• suta – son, offspring
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'sū' (to beget).
  Root: sū (class 2)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (Pārtha (accusative), son of Pṛthā (Kunti))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna

Patronymic from Pṛthā.

चिह्नमात्रेण (cihnamātreṇa) - by merely a sign, by emblem alone

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of cihnamātra

cihnamātra - mere sign, only a mark, solely by emblem

Compound type : tatpurusha (cihna+mātra)

• cihna – sign, mark, emblem, symbol
  noun (neuter)
• mātra – only, merely, measuring
  adjective (neuter)

जज्ञिरे (jajñire) - they recognized, they knew

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (lit) of jñā

Perfect Middle

Root 'jñā', Reduplicated Perfect, Middle voice, 3rd person plural.

Root: jñā (class 9)