महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-48, verse-23

ततो भीष्मो महाराज कौरवाणां पितामहः ।
अर्जुनं सप्तसप्तत्या नाराचानां समावृणोत् ॥२३॥

23. tato bhīṣmo mahārāja kauravāṇāṁ pitāmahaḥ ,
arjunaṁ saptasaptatyā nārācānāṁ samāvṛṇot.

23. tataḥ bhīṣmaḥ mahārāja kauravāṇām pitāmahaḥ
arjunam saptasaptatyā nārācānām samāvṛṇot

23. महाराज ततः कौरवाणाम् पितामहः भीष्मः
सप्तसप्तत्या नाराचानाम् अर्जुनम् समावृणोत्

23. Then, O great king, Bhishma, the grandfather of the Kurus, covered Arjuna with seventy-seven arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O Dhritarashtra, great king (O great king)

• कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the Kurus

• पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - Bhishma, as the paternal grandfather of the Kauravas (grandfather)

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna

• सप्तसप्तत्या (saptasaptatyā) - by seventy-seven

• नाराचानाम् (nārācānām) - of iron arrows

• समावृणोत् (samāvṛṇot) - covered, enveloped, surrounded

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a renowned warrior and patriarch in the Mahabharata)

Note: Subject of the verb 'samāvṛṇot'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O Dhritarashtra, great king (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: A form of address to Dhritarashtra by Sanjaya.

कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the Kurus

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - a descendant of Kuru; belonging to the Kuru dynasty; a Kuru

patronymic (taddhita suffix -a) from Kuru

Note: Indicates the possessive relationship with 'pitāmahaḥ'.

पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - Bhishma, as the paternal grandfather of the Kauravas (grandfather)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather

Note: In apposition to Bhishma, further identifying him.

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a prominent Pandava prince and skilled archer)

Note: Object of the verb 'samāvṛṇot'.

सप्तसप्तत्या (saptasaptatyā) - by seventy-seven

(numeral)

Compound type : dvandva (saptan+saptati)

• saptan – seven
  numeral
• saptati – seventy
  numeral (feminine)

Note: Indicates the quantity of the instrument (arrows).

नाराचानाम् (nārācānām) - of iron arrows

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nārāca

nārāca - iron arrow, metal dart

Note: Qualifies the number 'seventy-seven'.

समावृणोत् (samāvṛṇot) - covered, enveloped, surrounded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of √vṛ

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Formed from the root √vṛ (class 5/9) with the prefixes 'sam' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: √vṛ (class 5)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.