महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-48, verse-37

स तथा कुरु गाङ्गेय यथा हन्येत फल्गुनः ।
एवमुक्तस्ततो राजन्पिता देवव्रतस्तव ।
धिक्क्षत्रधर्ममित्युक्त्वा ययौ पार्थरथं प्रति ॥३७॥

37. sa tathā kuru gāṅgeya yathā hanyeta phalgunaḥ ,
evamuktastato rājanpitā devavratastava ,
dhikkṣatradharmamityuktvā yayau pārtharathaṁ prati.

37. sa tathā kuru gāṅgeya yathā hanyeta
phalgunaḥ | evam uktaḥ tataḥ rājan
pitā devavrataḥ tava | dhik kṣatradharmam
iti uktvā yayau pārtharatham prati

37. gāṅgeya,
sa tathā kuru yathā phalgunaḥ hanyeta rājan,
evam uktaḥ,
tataḥ tava pitā devavrataḥ 'dhik kṣatradharmam' iti uktvā pārtharatham prati yayau

37. O son of Gaṅgā, act in such a way that Arjuna is killed. O king, your father Devavrata, having been told this, then exclaimed, 'Shame on the warrior's code (kṣatra dharma)!' and went towards Arjuna's chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• कुरु (kuru) - act (imperative command) (do, make, act)

• गाङ्गेय (gāṅgeya) - O Bhīṣma (O son of Gaṅgā)

• यथा (yathā) - so that (so that, in order that, as)

• हन्येत (hanyeta) - may be killed (may be killed, let him be killed)

• फल्गुनः (phalgunaḥ) - Arjuna

• एवम् (evam) - this (referring to what was said) (thus, in this manner)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been told (in reference to Devavrata) (spoken, said, told)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

• पिता (pitā) - father

• देवव्रतः (devavrataḥ) - Bhīṣma (one whose vow is to the gods, Devavrata (Bhīṣma))

• तव (tava) - your

• धिक् (dhik) - Shame on! (fie upon, shame on, woe to)

• क्षत्रधर्मम् (kṣatradharmam) - the warrior's code (kṣatra dharma) (the duty/code of a warrior)

• इति (iti) - (quotation marker) (thus, so (quotation marker))

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having exclaimed (having said, having spoken)

• ययौ (yayau) - he went

• पार्थरथम् (pārtharatham) - Arjuna's chariot

• प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, against, to)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

कुरु (kuru) - act (imperative command) (do, make, act)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Imperative, 2nd person singular, active voice

Root: kṛ (class 8)

गाङ्गेय (gāṅgeya) - O Bhīṣma (O son of Gaṅgā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of gāṅgeya

gāṅgeya - son of Gaṅgā

Derived from Gaṅgā (mother's name)

यथा (yathā) - so that (so that, in order that, as)

(indeclinable)

हन्येत (hanyeta) - may be killed (may be killed, let him be killed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, optative (liṅ) of han

Optative, 3rd person singular, passive voice

Root: han (class 2)

फल्गुनः (phalgunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (one of his many names)

एवम् (evam) - this (referring to what was said) (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been told (in reference to Devavrata) (spoken, said, told)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vac

vac - to speak, to say

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. from √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Masculine form of the PPP.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

देवव्रतः (devavrataḥ) - Bhīṣma (one whose vow is to the gods, Devavrata (Bhīṣma))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devavrata

devavrata - one whose vow is to the gods, a proper name

Compound type : bahuvrihi (deva+vrata)

• deva – god, divine
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

Note: Also known as Bhīṣma.

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

धिक् (dhik) - Shame on! (fie upon, shame on, woe to)

(indeclinable)

क्षत्रधर्मम् (kṣatradharmam) - the warrior's code (kṣatra dharma) (the duty/code of a warrior)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣatradharma

kṣatradharma - the duty or law (dharma) of a warrior (kṣatra)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣatra+dharma)

• kṣatra – warrior, member of the kṣatriya (warrior) class, rule, dominion
  noun (neuter)
• dharma – duty, righteousness, law, constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Accusative case is governed by 'dhik'.

इति (iti) - (quotation marker) (thus, so (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having exclaimed (having said, having spoken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form from √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ययौ (yayau) - he went

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: yā (class 2)

पार्थरथम् (pārtharatham) - Arjuna's chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtharatha

pārtharatha - chariot (ratha) of Pārtha (Arjuna)

Compound type : tatpurusha (pārtha+ratha)

• pārtha – son of Pṛthā (Arjuna)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, against, to)

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as a postposition.