महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-48, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
एवं व्यूढेष्वनीकेषु मामकेष्वितरेषु च ।
कथं प्रहरतां श्रेष्ठाः संप्रहारं प्रचक्रिरे ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
evaṁ vyūḍheṣvanīkeṣu māmakeṣvitareṣu ca ,
kathaṁ praharatāṁ śreṣṭhāḥ saṁprahāraṁ pracakrire.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca evam vyūḍheṣu anīkeṣu māmakeṣu itareṣu
ca katham praharatām śreṣṭhāḥ saṃprahāram pracakrire

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca evam māmakeṣu itareṣu ca anīkeṣu
vyūḍheṣu praharatām śreṣṭhāḥ saṃprahāram katham pracakrire

1. Dhritarashtra said: "When the armies, both mine and the others', were thus arrayed, how did the foremost among the warriors engage in battle?"

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhritarashtra, the father of the Kauravas (Dhritarashtra)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• व्यूढेषु (vyūḍheṣu) - arrayed in battle formation (arrayed, arranged, marshalled)

• अनीकेषु (anīkeṣu) - in the battle formations (in the armies, in the forces)

• मामकेषु (māmakeṣu) - in my (Dhritarashtra's) armies (in mine, pertaining to me, in my armies)

• इतरेषु (itareṣu) - in the Pandavas' armies (in the others, in the others' (armies))

• च (ca) - and, also

• कथम् (katham) - how?

• प्रहरताम् (praharatām) - of the warriors in battle (of those who strike, of the attackers, of the warriors)

• श्रेष्ठाः (śreṣṭhāḥ) - the foremost warriors (the best, the most excellent, the foremost)

• संप्रहारम् (saṁprahāram) - the military engagement (battle, encounter, combat)

• प्रचक्रिरे (pracakrire) - they initiated the battle (they commenced, they undertook, they did)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhritarashtra, the father of the Kauravas (Dhritarashtra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (proper name); lit. 'he who holds the kingdom'

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, sustained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold, bear)
  Root: dhṛ (class 3)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

From root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

व्यूढेषु (vyūḍheṣu) - arrayed in battle formation (arrayed, arranged, marshalled)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of vyūḍha

vyūḍha - arrayed, arranged, marshalled

Past Passive Participle

From root ūh (to push, arrange) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'anīkeṣu'

अनीकेषु (anīkeṣu) - in the battle formations (in the armies, in the forces)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of anīka

anīka - army, host, array

मामकेषु (māmakeṣu) - in my (Dhritarashtra's) armies (in mine, pertaining to me, in my armies)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of māmaka

māmaka - mine, belonging to me

Formed from 'mama' (my) + suffix 'ka'

Note: Agrees with 'anīkeṣu'

इतरेषु (itareṣu) - in the Pandavas' armies (in the others, in the others' (armies))

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, plural of itara

itara - other, another

Note: Agrees with 'anīkeṣu'

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how?

(indeclinable)

प्रहरताम् (praharatām) - of the warriors in battle (of those who strike, of the attackers, of the warriors)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of praharat

praharat - striking, attacking

Present Active Participle

From root hṛ (to seize, carry) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

श्रेष्ठाः (śreṣṭhāḥ) - the foremost warriors (the best, the most excellent, the foremost)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, foremost

Superlative form of 'praśasya' (good)

Note: Can function as a noun, 'the best ones'.

संप्रहारम् (saṁprahāram) - the military engagement (battle, encounter, combat)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃprahāra

saṁprahāra - battle, encounter, combat

From root hṛ (to strike) with prefixes sam and pra

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

प्रचक्रिरे (pracakrire) - they initiated the battle (they commenced, they undertook, they did)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Perfect Middle

From root kṛ with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)