महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-48, verse-20

तमापतन्तं वेगेन प्रभिन्नमिव वारणम् ।
त्रासयानं रणे शूरान्पातयन्तं च सायकैः ॥२०॥

20. tamāpatantaṁ vegena prabhinnamiva vāraṇam ,
trāsayānaṁ raṇe śūrānpātayantaṁ ca sāyakaiḥ.

20. tam āpatantam vegena prabhinnam iva vāraṇam
trāsayānam raṇe śūrān pātayantam ca sāyakaiḥ

20. tam vegena āpatantam prabhinnam vāraṇam iva
raṇe śūrān trāsayānam ca sāyakaiḥ pātayantam

20. As he approached with great speed, like a rutting elephant, terrifying the heroes in battle and felling them with his arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - referring to Arjuna (him)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, rushing, advancing

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, rapidly, swiftly

• प्रभिन्नम् (prabhinnam) - in the context of an elephant, refers to an elephant in rut (rutting, split, broken forth)

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• वारणम् (vāraṇam) - elephant

• त्रासयानम् (trāsayānam) - causing to fear, terrifying

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

• शूरान् (śūrān) - brave ones, heroes

• पातयन्तम् (pātayantam) - causing to fall, felling, striking down

• च (ca) - and

• सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - referring to Arjuna (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, rushing, advancing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling upon, rushing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root pat (to fall) with prefix ā and suffix -śatṛ

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, rapidly, swiftly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, impulse, force

प्रभिन्नम् (prabhinnam) - in the context of an elephant, refers to an elephant in rut (rutting, split, broken forth)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prabhinna

prabhinna - broken, split, pierced, in rut (of an elephant)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhid (to split, break) with prefix pra and suffix -kta

Prefix: pra

Root: bhid (class 7)

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

वारणम् (vāraṇam) - elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāraṇa

vāraṇa - elephant, a protector

त्रासयानम् (trāsayānam) - causing to fear, terrifying

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of trāsayāṇa

trāsayāṇa - causing to fear, terrifying

Causative Present Active Participle

Derived from root tras (to fear) in causative form (trāsaya) with suffix -śānac

Root: tras (class 4)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, conflict, war, fight

शूरान् (śūrān) - brave ones, heroes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, heroic; a hero, warrior

पातयन्तम् (pātayantam) - causing to fall, felling, striking down

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pātayat

pātayat - causing to fall, felling, throwing down

Causative Present Active Participle

Derived from root pat (to fall) in causative form (pātaya) with suffix -śatṛ

Root: pat (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow, dart