महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-48, verse-38

उभौ श्वेतहयौ राजन्संसक्तौ दृश्य पार्थिवाः ।
सिंहनादान्भृशं चक्रुः शङ्खशब्दांश्च भारत ॥३८॥

38. ubhau śvetahayau rājansaṁsaktau dṛśya pārthivāḥ ,
siṁhanādānbhṛśaṁ cakruḥ śaṅkhaśabdāṁśca bhārata.

38. ubhau śvetahayau rājan saṃsaktāu dṛśya pārthivāḥ
| siṃhanādān bhṛśam cakruḥ śaṅkhaśabdān ca bhārata

38. rājan bhārata,
pārthivāḥ ubhau śvetahayau saṃsaktāu dṛśya bhṛśam siṃhanādān ca śaṅkhaśabdān cakruḥ

38. O king, O descendant of Bharata, when the kings (pārthivāḥ) saw both of them engaged in battle with their white horses, they loudly emitted lion's roars and sounded their conch shells.

Words meanings summery:

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

• श्वेतहयौ (śvetahayau) - (Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa) with their white horses (with white horses)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

• संसक्ताउ (saṁsaktāu) - engaged (in battle) (joined, engaged, attached)

• दृश्य (dṛśya) - having seen

• पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings (kings, princes, rulers of the earth)

• सिंहनादान् (siṁhanādān) - lion's roars (lion's roars, battle cries)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - loudly (greatly, vehemently, loudly)

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they emitted (roars), they sounded (conch shells) (they made, they did)

• शङ्खशब्दान् (śaṅkhaśabdān) - conch shell sounds

• च (ca) - and

• भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Here it acts as an adjective for 'śvetahayau' and 'saṃsaktāu'.

श्वेतहयौ (śvetahayau) - (Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa) with their white horses (with white horses)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of śvetahaya

śvetahaya - one having white horses

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śveta+haya)

• śveta – white, bright
  adjective (masculine)
• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: It is dual because it refers to both Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa, who are on the same chariot with white horses.

राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

संसक्ताउ (saṁsaktāu) - engaged (in battle) (joined, engaged, attached)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of saṃsakta

saṁsakta - joined, attached, engaged, sticking to

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. from √sañj with saṃ-

Prefix: sam

Root: sañj (class 7)

Note: Refers to Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa.

दृश्य (dṛśya) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form from √dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings (kings, princes, rulers of the earth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - king, prince, earthly ruler

Derived from pṛthivī (earth)

Note: The subject of 'cakruḥ'.

सिंहनादान् (siṁhanādān) - lion's roars (lion's roars, battle cries)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of siṃhanāda

siṁhanāda - lion's roar, a loud and triumphant cry

Compound type : tatpurusha (siṃha+nāda)

• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
• nāda – sound, roar, cry
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Object of 'cakruḥ'.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - loudly (greatly, vehemently, loudly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'cakruḥ'.

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they emitted (roars), they sounded (conch shells) (they made, they did)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect, 3rd person plural, active voice

Root: kṛ (class 8)

शङ्खशब्दान् (śaṅkhaśabdān) - conch shell sounds

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śaṅkhaśabda

śaṅkhaśabda - sound (śabda) of a conch shell (śaṅkha)

Compound type : tatpurusha (śaṅkha+śabda)

• śaṅkha – conch shell
  noun (masculine)
• śabda – sound, noise, word
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śabd (class 1)

Note: Object of 'cakruḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'siṃhanādān' and 'śaṅkhaśabdān'.

भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a name for Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Patronymic from Bharata