महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-48, verse-41

गाङ्गेयस्तु रणे पार्थमानर्छन्नवभिः शरैः ।
तमर्जुनः प्रत्यविध्यद्दशभिर्मर्मवेधिभिः ॥४१॥

41. gāṅgeyastu raṇe pārthamānarchannavabhiḥ śaraiḥ ,
tamarjunaḥ pratyavidhyaddaśabhirmarmavedhibhiḥ.

41. gāṅgeyaḥ tu raṇe pārtham ānarchan navabhiḥ śaraiḥ
tam arjunaḥ pratyavidhyat daśabhiḥ marmavedhibhiḥ

41. gāṅgeyaḥ tu raṇe pārtham navabhiḥ śaraiḥ ānarchan
tam arjunaḥ marmavedhibhiḥ daśabhiḥ pratyavidhyat

41. Bhīṣma, son of Gaṅgā (Gāṅgeya), assailed Arjuna (Pārtha) in battle with nine arrows. Arjuna, in turn, struck him back with ten arrows that pierced his vital points.

Words meanings summery:

• गाङ्गेयः (gāṅgeyaḥ) - Bhīṣma, son of Gaṅgā, the general of the Kaurava army (Bhīṣma, son of Gaṅgā)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, yet

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna, son of Pṛthā

• आनर्छन् (ānarchan) - assailed, pierced, attacked

• नवभिः (navabhiḥ) - with nine

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Bhīṣma, son of Gaṅgā) (him, that (masculine singular))

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• प्रत्यविध्यत् (pratyavidhyat) - struck back, pierced back

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

• मर्मवेधिभिः (marmavedhibhiḥ) - with vital-piercing (arrows)

Words meanings and morphology

गाङ्गेयः (gāṅgeyaḥ) - Bhīṣma, son of Gaṅgā, the general of the Kaurava army (Bhīṣma, son of Gaṅgā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāṅgeya

gāṅgeya - son of Gaṅgā; Bhīṣma

Derived from Gaṅgā (river goddess) indicating 'son of Gaṅgā'

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, yet

(indeclinable)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, conflict

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna, son of Pṛthā

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma

Derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī) indicating 'son of Pṛthā'

आनर्छन् (ānarchan) - assailed, pierced, attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of ā-√ṛch

Perfect Active

Epic Sanskrit irregular Perfect 3rd singular active form with an appended 'n', from root √ṛch with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: √ṛch (class 1)

नवभिः (navabhiḥ) - with nine

(numeral adjective)

Note: Modifies 'śaraiḥ'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow; reed

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Bhīṣma, son of Gaṅgā) (him, that (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (one of the Pāṇḍavas); white, silver-colored

प्रत्यविध्यत् (pratyavidhyat) - struck back, pierced back

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of prati-√vyadh

Imperfect Active

From root √vyadh with prefix prati-.

Prefix: prati

Root: √vyadh (class 4)

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

(numeral adjective)

Note: Modifies 'marmavedhibhiḥ śaraiḥ' (implied).

मर्मवेधिभिः (marmavedhibhiḥ) - with vital-piercing (arrows)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of marmavedhin

marmavedhin - piercing vital spots; striking vulnerable points

Compound type : Upapada Tatpuruṣa (marman+vedhin)

• marman – vital spot, vulnerable point, secret
  noun (neuter)
• vedhin – piercing, striking, hitting; an archer, a piercer
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root √vyadh with the suffix -in.
  Root: √vyadh (class 4)