महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-48, verse-40

तथैव पाण्डवाः सर्वे परिवार्य धनंजयम् ।
स्थिता युद्धाय महते ततो युद्धमवर्तत ॥४०॥

40. tathaiva pāṇḍavāḥ sarve parivārya dhanaṁjayam ,
sthitā yuddhāya mahate tato yuddhamavartata.

40. tathā eva pāṇḍavāḥ sarve parivārya dhanañjayam
| sthitāḥ yuddhāya mahate tataḥ yuddham avartata

40. tathā eva sarve pāṇḍavāḥ dhanañjayam parivārya
mahate yuddhāya sthitāḥ tataḥ yuddham avartata

40. Likewise, all the Pāṇḍavas, having surrounded Arjuna (Dhanañjaya), stood ready for the great battle. Then, the battle commenced.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - likewise (similarly, in the same way)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, whole, every)

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded, having encircled

• धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Arjuna (Dhanañjaya) (Arjuna (conqueror of wealth))

• स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - stood ready (for battle) (stood, positioned, situated)

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for fighting

• महते (mahate) - great (battle) (great, mighty)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

• अवर्तत (avartata) - commenced (it occurred, it began, it revolved)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - likewise (similarly, in the same way)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'tathā' for emphasis.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu

Note: Subject of 'sthitāḥ'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, whole, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Modifies 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded, having encircled

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form from √vṛ with pari-

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Arjuna (Dhanañjaya) (Arjuna (conqueror of wealth))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - Arjuna (proper name, 'conqueror of wealth')

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (dhana+jay)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jay – to conquer, to win
  verb (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From √ji 'to conquer'
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of 'parivārya'.

स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - stood ready (for battle) (stood, positioned, situated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sthita

sthita - stood, situated, existing, firm

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. from √sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: The predicate for 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for fighting

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. from √yudh, then substantivized

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Indicates purpose.

महते (mahate) - great (battle) (great, mighty)

(adjective)

Dative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty

Note: Modifies 'yuddhāya'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. from √yudh, then substantivized

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'avartata'.

अवर्तत (avartata) - commenced (it occurred, it began, it revolved)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, middle voice

Root: vṛt (class 1)