महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-157, verse-59

प्रत्यहन्यन्त ते सर्वे गदामासाद्य सायकाः ।
न वेगं धारयामासुर्गदावेगस्य वेगिताः ॥५९॥

59. pratyahanyanta te sarve gadāmāsādya sāyakāḥ ,
na vegaṁ dhārayāmāsurgadāvegasya vegitāḥ.

59. pratyahanyanta te sarve gadām āsādya sāyakāḥ
| na vegam dhārayāmāsuḥ gadāvegasya vegitāḥ

59. All those arrows, upon striking the mace, were repelled. Overpowered by the mace's speed, they could not maintain their own velocity.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रत्यहन्यन्त (pratyahanyanta) - they were struck back, repelled, killed in return

• ते (te) - those, they

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• गदाम् (gadām) - mace, club

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - upon striking, having reached (having reached, having attained, having approached, having obtained)

• सायकाः (sāyakāḥ) - arrows, darts

• न (na) - not, no

• वेगम् (vegam) - speed, velocity, force, impulse

• धारयामासुः (dhārayāmāsuḥ) - they retained, they held, they sustained

• गदावेगस्य (gadāvegasya) - of the mace's speed, of the mace's force

• वेगिताः (vegitāḥ) - overpowered by the speed (of the mace) (sped up, impelled, endowed with speed, swift)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रत्यहन्यन्त (pratyahanyanta) - they were struck back, repelled, killed in return

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, imperfect (laṅ) of pratihan

Derived from root √han (to strike, kill) with upasarga prati-

Prefix: prati

Root: han (class 2)

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

गदाम् (gadām) - mace, club

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

आसाद्य (āsādya) - upon striking, having reached (having reached, having attained, having approached, having obtained)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Derived from root √sad (to sit, settle) with upasarga ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

सायकाः (sāyakāḥ) - arrows, darts

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow, dart

Derived from root √si (to bind, cast)

Root: si (class 4)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वेगम् (vegam) - speed, velocity, force, impulse

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, impulse

Root: vij (class 6)

धारयामासुः (dhārayāmāsuḥ) - they retained, they held, they sustained

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of dhārayāmāsuḥ

Periphrastic Perfect

Periphrastic perfect of the causative of root √dhṛ (to hold, bear, maintain). Formed with the suffix -ayāṃ and an auxiliary verb (in this case, √as).

Root: dhṛ (class 10)

गदावेगस्य (gadāvegasya) - of the mace's speed, of the mace's force

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gadāvega

gadāvega - speed or force of a mace

Compound type : tatpurusha (gadā+vega)

• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• vega – speed, velocity, force
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vij (class 6)

वेगिताः (vegitāḥ) - overpowered by the speed (of the mace) (sped up, impelled, endowed with speed, swift)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vegita

vegita - sped up, impelled, endowed with speed, swift

Past Passive Participle (derived from noun)

Derived from the noun 'vega' (speed) with the suffix '-ita' indicating 'possessed of' or 'acted upon by'.