महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-157, verse-19

सुपर्णानिलवेगेन श्वसनेन महाबलात् ।
पञ्चवर्णानि पात्यन्ते पुष्पाणि भरतर्षभ ।
प्रत्यक्षं सर्वभूतानां नदीमश्वरथां प्रति ॥१९॥

19. suparṇānilavegena śvasanena mahābalāt ,
pañcavarṇāni pātyante puṣpāṇi bharatarṣabha ,
pratyakṣaṁ sarvabhūtānāṁ nadīmaśvarathāṁ prati.

19. suparṇānilavegena śvasanena
mahābalāt pañcavarṇāni pātyante puṣpāṇi
bharatarṣabha pratyakṣam
sarvabhūtānām nadīm aśvarathām prati

19. O best of the Bhāratas, five-colored flowers are falling with great force, propelled by the wind as if by the velocity of Garuḍa (Suparṇa), visible to all beings, towards the river Aśvarathā.

Words meanings summery:

• सुपर्णानिलवेगेन (suparṇānilavegena) - by the velocity of Garuḍa's wind (by the speed of Garuḍa's wind, by the force of the wind from Suparṇa)

• श्वसनेन (śvasanena) - by the wind (by breathing, by the wind)

• महाबलात् (mahābalāt) - with great force (from great strength, with great force)

• पञ्चवर्णानि (pañcavarṇāni) - five-colored (five-colored, of five colors)

• पात्यन्ते (pātyante) - they are falling (they are caused to fall, they are falling)

• पुष्पाणि (puṣpāṇi) - flowers (flowers, blossoms)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bhāratas (Bhīmasena) (O best of Bharatas, O chief of Bharatas)

• प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - visible (visible, manifest, directly perceived, before the eyes)

• सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - to all beings (of all beings, of all creatures)

• नदीम् (nadīm) - towards the river (river (accusative))

• अश्वरथाम् (aśvarathām) - towards the river Aśvarathā (Aśvarathā (name of a river))

• प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, to, against)

Words meanings and morphology

सुपर्णानिलवेगेन (suparṇānilavegena) - by the velocity of Garuḍa's wind (by the speed of Garuḍa's wind, by the force of the wind from Suparṇa)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of suparṇānilavega

suparṇānilavega - speed of Garuḍa's wind

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (suparṇa+anila+vega)

• suparṇa – Garuḍa (the mythical eagle), having beautiful wings
  proper noun (masculine)
  From su (good) + parṇa (wing)
• anila – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)
• vega – speed, velocity, force, current
  noun (masculine)
  From vij (to move rapidly)
  Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Refers to the powerful wind causing the flowers to fall.

श्वसनेन (śvasanena) - by the wind (by breathing, by the wind)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śvasana

śvasana - breathing, sighing, wind, air

From root śvas (to breathe)

Root: śvas (class 2)

महाबलात् (mahābalāt) - with great force (from great strength, with great force)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of mahābala

mahābala - great strength, great power

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
  From mahat
• bala – strength, force, power
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal (class 1)

Note: Indicates the cause or manner of falling.

पञ्चवर्णानि (pañcavarṇāni) - five-colored (five-colored, of five colors)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of pañcavarṇa

pañcavarṇa - five-colored

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pañcan+varṇa)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• varṇa – color, hue
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Adjective for puṣpāṇi.

पात्यन्ते (pātyante) - they are falling (they are caused to fall, they are falling)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of pat

Causative, passive voice

Causative base pāti, then passive present 3rd plural middle

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: The actual subject causing them to fall is the wind.

पुष्पाणि (puṣpāṇi) - flowers (flowers, blossoms)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of puṣpa

puṣpa - flower, blossom

Root: puṣp (class 4)

Note: Subject of pātyante.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bhāratas (Bhīmasena) (O best of Bharatas, O chief of Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bharatas, chief of Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, name of an ancient king
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief, eminent
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

Note: A common epithet for heroes, here addressing Bhīmasena.

प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - visible (visible, manifest, directly perceived, before the eyes)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pratyakṣa

pratyakṣa - visible, manifest, directly perceived

From prati (towards) + akṣa (eye)

Note: Functions adjectivally to describe the falling flowers.

सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - to all beings (of all beings, of all creatures)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, all creatures

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (neuter)
• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be, to exist)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Genitive case often conveys a dative sense ('to all beings') with verbs of seeing or showing.

नदीम् (nadīm) - towards the river (river (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river, stream

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Object of prati.

अश्वरथाम् (aśvarathām) - towards the river Aśvarathā (Aśvarathā (name of a river))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of aśvarathā

aśvarathā - Aśvarathā (name of a river)

Note: Object of prati.

प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, to, against)

(indeclinable)

preposition/prefix, takes accusative case