महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-157, verse-53

अदर्शयदधीकारं पौरुषं च महाबलः ।
स तान्दृष्ट्वा परावृत्तान्स्मयमान इवाब्रवीत् ॥५३॥

53. adarśayadadhīkāraṁ pauruṣaṁ ca mahābalaḥ ,
sa tāndṛṣṭvā parāvṛttānsmayamāna ivābravīt.

53. adarśayat adhīkāram pauruṣam ca mahābalaḥ saḥ
tān dṛṣṭvā parāvṛttān smayamānaḥ iva abravīt

53. The mighty (Maṇimān) displayed his authority and valor. Seeing them (the fleeing soldiers) turn back, he spoke as if with a smile.

Words meanings summery:

• अदर्शयत् (adarśayat) - he showed, he displayed

• अधीकारम् (adhīkāram) - authority, power, prerogative

• पौरुषम् (pauruṣam) - manliness, valor, heroism

• च (ca) - and, also

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - Maṇimān, who is mighty (mighty, greatly powerful)

• सः (saḥ) - Maṇimān (he)

• तान् (tān) - the fleeing soldiers (them)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• परावृत्तान् (parāvṛttān) - the soldiers who had turned back (those who have turned back, those who have fled)

• स्मयमानः (smayamānaḥ) - Maṇimān, who was smiling (smiling, laughing)

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

Words meanings and morphology

अदर्शयत् (adarśayat) - he showed, he displayed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of darśaya

Imperfect third person singular active, causative form

From root √dṛś (to see), class 1, with causative suffix -i (णिच्), then conjugated in Laṅ. The initial 'a' is an augment for past tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अधीकारम् (adhīkāram) - authority, power, prerogative

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhīkāra

adhīkāra - authority, power, prerogative

Derived from √kṛ with prefix adhi-.

Prefix: adhi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'adarśayat'.

पौरुषम् (pauruṣam) - manliness, valor, heroism

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pauruṣa

pauruṣa - manliness, valor, heroism

Derived from puruṣa.

Note: Object of 'adarśayat'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - Maṇimān, who is mighty (mighty, greatly powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - of great strength, very powerful

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Maṇimān.

सः (saḥ) - Maṇimān (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Maṇimān.

तान् (tān) - the fleeing soldiers (them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the soldiers/enemies who turned back.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √dṛś (to see), class 1, with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

परावृत्तान् (parāvṛttān) - the soldiers who had turned back (those who have turned back, those who have fled)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of parāvṛtta

parāvṛtta - turned back, retreated, fled

Past Passive Participle

From root √vṛt (to turn) with prefix parā-.

Prefix: parā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tān'.

स्मयमानः (smayamānaḥ) - Maṇimān, who was smiling (smiling, laughing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smayamāna

smayamāna - smiling, laughing

Present Middle Participle

From root √smi (to smile), class 1, middle voice.

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.

इव (iva) - as if, like, as

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect third person singular active

From root √brū (to speak), class 2, with past augment 'a', conjugated in Laṅ. The root changes to brav before certain suffixes.

Root: brū (class 2)