महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-8, verse-54

वैकृत्यं तन्महद्दृष्ट्वा भुजवीर्ये तथा युधि ।
दिव्यानां च महास्त्राणां विनाशाद्व्रीडितोऽभवत् ॥५४॥

54. vaikṛtyaṁ tanmahaddṛṣṭvā bhujavīrye tathā yudhi ,
divyānāṁ ca mahāstrāṇāṁ vināśādvrīḍito'bhavat.

54. vaikṛtyam tat mahat dṛṣṭvā bhuja-vīrye tathā yudhi
ca divyānām mahā-astrāṇām vināśāt vrīḍitaḥ abhavat

54. tat mahat vaikṛtyam bhuja-vīrye tathā yudhi dṛṣṭvā,
ca divyānām mahā-astrāṇām vināśāt,
saḥ vrīḍitaḥ abhavat

54. Having witnessed that great deterioration in his arm-strength and in battle, and the loss of his divine great missiles (mahāstrāṇi), he became ashamed.

Words meanings summery:

• वैकृत्यम् (vaikṛtyam) - deterioration, abnormality, change for the worse

• तत् (tat) - that (previous) deterioration (that)

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, mighty

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• भुज-वीर्ये (bhuja-vīrye) - in arm-strength, in valor of arms

• तथा (tathā) - and, similarly, thus

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle

• च (ca) - and

• दिव्यानाम् (divyānām) - of divine, of celestial

• महा-अस्त्राणाम् (mahā-astrāṇām) - of great divine missiles (mahāstrāṇi) (of great weapons/missiles)

• विनाशात् (vināśāt) - from destruction, due to loss

• व्रीडितः (vrīḍitaḥ) - ashamed, embarrassed

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, he was

Words meanings and morphology

वैकृत्यम् (vaikṛtyam) - deterioration, abnormality, change for the worse

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaikṛtya

vaikṛtya - deterioration, abnormality, change, transformation

Derived from vikṛti (change, abnormality)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

तत् (tat) - that (previous) deterioration (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the state of his arm-strength and the weapons.

महत् (mahat) - great, large, mighty

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Note: Qualifies 'vaikṛtyam'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive (ktvā)

From root 'dṛś' (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

भुज-वीर्ये (bhuja-vīrye) - in arm-strength, in valor of arms

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhuja-vīrya

bhuja-vīrya - arm-strength, valor of arms

Compound of bhuja (arm) and vīrya (strength, valor)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhuja+vīrya)

• bhuja – arm
  noun (masculine)
• vīrya – strength, valor, heroism
  noun (neuter)

तथा (tathā) - and, similarly, thus

(indeclinable)

Note: Here used as a connective, meaning 'and also'.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh (class 4)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two reasons for shame.

दिव्यानाम् (divyānām) - of divine, of celestial

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, plural of divya

divya - divine, celestial, heavenly

Note: Qualifies 'mahā-astrāṇām'.

महा-अस्त्राणाम् (mahā-astrāṇām) - of great divine missiles (mahāstrāṇi) (of great weapons/missiles)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of mahā-astra

mahā-astra - great weapon, powerful missile

Compound of mahā (great) and astra (weapon)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+astra)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 4)

Note: Object of 'vināśāt'.

विनाशात् (vināśāt) - from destruction, due to loss

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vināśa

vināśa - destruction, loss, ruin

From vi-naś (to perish, be lost)

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Indicates the cause of shame.

व्रीडितः (vrīḍitaḥ) - ashamed, embarrassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vrīḍita

vrīḍita - ashamed, embarrassed

Past Passive Participle

From root vrīḍ (to be ashamed)

Root: vrīḍ (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for Arjuna.

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

imperfect (laṅ)

From root 'bhū'

Root: bhū (class 1)

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