महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-8, verse-23

यस्तु देशः प्रियस्तस्य जीवतोऽभून्महात्मनः ।
तत्रैनमुपसंकल्प्य पितृमेधं प्रचक्रिरे ॥२३॥

23. yastu deśaḥ priyastasya jīvato'bhūnmahātmanaḥ ,
tatrainamupasaṁkalpya pitṛmedhaṁ pracakrire.

23. yaḥ tu deśaḥ priyaḥ tasya jīvataḥ abhūt mahātmanaḥ
tatra enam upasaṅkalpya pitṛmedham pracakrire

23. yaḥ deśaḥ tasya mahātmanaḥ jīvataḥ priyaḥ abhūt
tatra enam upasaṅkalpya pitṛmedham pracakrire

23. The noble persons performed the ancestral ritual (pitṛmedha) in the very place that had been dear to him during his lifetime, having first made all the necessary arrangements.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - which (place) (who, which, he who)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand, and)

• देशः (deśaḥ) - place (place, region, country, spot)

• प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear (dear, beloved, liked, pleasing)

• तस्य (tasya) - of him (his, of him, of that)

• जीवतः (jīvataḥ) - of him while living (living, while living, of the living one)

• अभूत् (abhūt) - was (was, existed, became)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the noble person (of the great-souled one, of the noble person)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place (there, in that place, then)

• एनम् (enam) - him (the deceased) (him, this one)

• उपसङ्कल्प्य (upasaṅkalpya) - having ritually prepared (for the funeral rite) (having prepared, having arranged, having ritually decided)

• पितृमेधम् (pitṛmedham) - the ancestral ritual (ancestral ritual, funeral rite, a kind of yajña for ancestors)

• प्रचक्रिरे (pracakrire) - they performed (they performed, they did, they accomplished)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - which (place) (who, which, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Note: Relative pronoun.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand, and)

(indeclinable)

देशः (deśaḥ) - place (place, region, country, spot)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - place, region, country, spot, territory

प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear (dear, beloved, liked, pleasing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, liked, pleasing, agreeable

Note: Agrees with 'deśaḥ'.

तस्य (tasya) - of him (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the mahātman.

जीवतः (jīvataḥ) - of him while living (living, while living, of the living one)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive, existing

Present Active Participle

From √jīv (to live), class 1, Parasmaipada.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tasya' and 'mahātmanaḥ'.

अभूत् (abhūt) - was (was, existed, became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (luṅ) of bhū

Root verb, class 1 Parasmaipada.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Aorist form from √bhū.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the noble person (of the great-souled one, of the noble person)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, a great person, the great (ātman)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the deceased person.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place (there, in that place, then)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'tad' (that) + 'tra' (locative suffix).

एनम् (enam) - him (the deceased) (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him, her, it

Note: Refers to the mahātman.

उपसङ्कल्प्य (upasaṅkalpya) - having ritually prepared (for the funeral rite) (having prepared, having arranged, having ritually decided)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √kḷp (to arrange, resolve) with prefix sam and upa. 'lya' indicates an absolutive with prefixes.

Prefixes: upa+sam

Root: kḷp (class 1)

पितृमेधम् (pitṛmedham) - the ancestral ritual (ancestral ritual, funeral rite, a kind of yajña for ancestors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛmedha

pitṛmedha - ancestral ritual, funeral rite, a Vedic ritual (yajña) for ancestors

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+medha)

• pitṛ – father, ancestor
  noun (masculine)
• medha – Vedic ritual (yajña), religious offering
  noun (masculine)

प्रचक्रिरे (pracakrire) - they performed (they performed, they did, they accomplished)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Root verb, class 8, Atmanepada.

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Perfect form, Atmanepada, used here to denote a past action by a group.