महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-8, verse-4

राज्ञः संक्रमणे चापि कालोऽयं वर्तते ध्रुवम् ।
तमिमं विद्धि संप्राप्तं कालं कालविदां वर ॥४॥

4. rājñaḥ saṁkramaṇe cāpi kālo'yaṁ vartate dhruvam ,
tamimaṁ viddhi saṁprāptaṁ kālaṁ kālavidāṁ vara.

4. rājñaḥ saṅkrameṇe ca api kālaḥ ayam vartate dhruvam
tam imam viddhi samprāptam kālam kālavidām vara

4. ayam kālaḥ rājñaḥ saṅkrameṇe ca api dhruvam vartate
kālavidām vara tam imam samprāptam kālam viddhi

4. Certainly, this is the time of the king's transition. O best among those who know time, know that this time has fully arrived.

Words meanings summery:

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• सङ्क्रमेणे (saṅkrameṇe) - in the king's passing or departure (in the transition, in the passing)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• वर्तते (vartate) - is at hand, is occurring (is, exists, is present)

• ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - certainly, surely, fixedly

• तम् (tam) - that (masculine accusative singular)

• इमम् (imam) - this (masculine accusative singular)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

• सम्प्राप्तम् (samprāptam) - fully arrived (arrived, obtained, reached)

• कालम् (kālam) - time (accusative)

• कालविदाम् (kālavidām) - of those who know time

• वर (vara) - O best, O excellent one

Words meanings and morphology

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

सङ्क्रमेणे (saṅkrameṇe) - in the king's passing or departure (in the transition, in the passing)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṅkramaṇa

saṅkramaṇa - transition, passing over, going from one place to another, crossing

Derived from saṃ-kram (to go together, cross over) + -ana suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: kram (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

कालः (kālaḥ) - time

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, appropriate time, death

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with kālaḥ.

वर्तते (vartate) - is at hand, is occurring (is, exists, is present)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Derived from root vṛt.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - certainly, surely, fixedly

(indeclinable)

Root: dhru

तम् (tam) - that (masculine accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'kālam'.

इमम् (imam) - this (masculine accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with 'kālam'.

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Irregular imperative form.

Root: vid (class 2)

सम्प्राप्तम् (samprāptam) - fully arrived (arrived, obtained, reached)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samprāpta

samprāpta - arrived, obtained, reached, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

From sam-pra-āp (to reach, obtain).

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

कालम् (kālam) - time (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, appropriate time, death

Note: Object of 'viddhi'.

कालविदाम् (kālavidām) - of those who know time

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kālavid

kālavid - one who knows time, expert in time

From kāla + vit (from root vid, knowing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+vid)

• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knower, knowing
  adjective
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  From root vid 'to know' with a kvin/kvip suffix.
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Refers to 'vara'.

वर (vara) - O best, O excellent one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choice, boon, bridegroom

Root: vṛ (class 9)