महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-8, verse-40

निर्याते तु जने तस्मिन्सागरो मकरालयः ।
द्वारकां रत्नसंपूर्णां जलेनाप्लावयत्तदा ॥४०॥

40. niryāte tu jane tasminsāgaro makarālayaḥ ,
dvārakāṁ ratnasaṁpūrṇāṁ jalenāplāvayattadā.

40. niryāte tu jane tasmin sāgaraḥ makarālayaḥ
dvārakām ratnasaṃpūrṇām jalena āplāvayat tadā

40. tasmin jane niryāte tu makarālayaḥ sāgaraḥ
ratnasaṃpūrṇām dvārakām jalena tadā āplāvayat

40. But when those people had departed, the ocean (sāgara), the abode of marine creatures, then inundated Dvārakā, which was full of jewels, with its waters.

Words meanings summery:

• निर्याते (niryāte) - when the people had departed from Dvārakā (having departed, when departed)

• तु (tu) - marking a transition or contrast (but, indeed, however)

• जने (jane) - when the populace (in the people, when the people)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - referring to 'that populace' (in that, to that)

• सागरः (sāgaraḥ) - the personified ocean deity or the body of water (the ocean, the sea)

• मकरालयः (makarālayaḥ) - epithet for the ocean, emphasizing its inhabitants (abode of marine creatures/sea monsters)

• द्वारकाम् (dvārakām) - the city of Dvārakā (Dvārakā (city))

• रत्नसंपूर्णाम् (ratnasaṁpūrṇām) - indicating the wealth and grandeur of Dvārakā (full of jewels, filled with treasures)

• जलेन (jalena) - by means of its waters (by water, with water)

• आप्लावयत् (āplāvayat) - completely covered with water (submerged, inundated, caused to float)

• तदा (tadā) - immediately after the departure (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

निर्याते (niryāte) - when the people had departed from Dvārakā (having departed, when departed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of niryāta

niryāta - departed, gone forth

Past Passive Participle

from nir + yā (to go), P.P.P.

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction with jane tasmin.

तु (tu) - marking a transition or contrast (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

जने (jane) - when the populace (in the people, when the people)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - people, man, creature

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - referring to 'that populace' (in that, to that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with jane.

सागरः (sāgaraḥ) - the personified ocean deity or the body of water (the ocean, the sea)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

Note: Subject of āplāvayat.

मकरालयः (makarālayaḥ) - epithet for the ocean, emphasizing its inhabitants (abode of marine creatures/sea monsters)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of makarālaya

makarālaya - abode of makara (sea monsters, marine creatures)

Compound type : tatpurusha (makara+ālaya)

• makara – sea monster, crocodile, a mythical aquatic creature
  noun (masculine)
• ālaya – abode, dwelling, house
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā

Note: Appositive to sāgaraḥ.

द्वारकाम् (dvārakām) - the city of Dvārakā (Dvārakā (city))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dvārakā

dvārakā - Dvārakā (name of a city)

Note: Object of āplāvayat.

रत्नसंपूर्णाम् (ratnasaṁpūrṇām) - indicating the wealth and grandeur of Dvārakā (full of jewels, filled with treasures)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ratnasaṃpūrṇa

ratnasaṁpūrṇa - full of jewels, filled with treasures

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratna+sampūrṇa)

• ratna – jewel, gem, treasure
  noun (neuter)
• sampūrṇa – full, complete, filled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from sam + pṛ (to fill), P.P.P.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with dvārakām.

जलेन (jalena) - by means of its waters (by water, with water)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water

Note: Instrument of inundation.

आप्लावयत् (āplāvayat) - completely covered with water (submerged, inundated, caused to float)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of āplu

Imperfect Causative Active

from ā + plu (to float), causative in imperfect, 3rd person singular

Prefix: ā

Root: plu (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - immediately after the departure (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)