महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-8, verse-41

तदद्भुतमभिप्रेक्ष्य द्वारकावासिनो जनाः ।
तूर्णात्तूर्णतरं जग्मुरहो दैवमिति ब्रुवन् ॥४१॥

41. tadadbhutamabhiprekṣya dvārakāvāsino janāḥ ,
tūrṇāttūrṇataraṁ jagmuraho daivamiti bruvan.

41. tat adbhutam abhiprekṣya dvārakāvāsinaḥ janāḥ
tūrṇāt tūrṇataram jagmuḥ aho daivam iti bruvan

41. dvārakāvāsinaḥ janāḥ tat adbhutam abhiprekṣya
tūrṇāt tūrṇataram aho daivam iti bruvan jagmuḥ

41. Having witnessed that astonishing event, the residents of Dvārakā departed more quickly than ever, exclaiming, 'Oh, this is destiny (daiva)!'

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (astonishing event) (that, it)

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - the amazing event of Dvārakā's submergence (wonder, astonishing thing, marvel)

• अभिप्रेक्ष्य (abhiprekṣya) - having observed the extraordinary event (having seen, having perceived, having witnessed)

• द्वारकावासिनः (dvārakāvāsinaḥ) - the inhabitants of the city of Dvārakā (residents of Dvārakā)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - the general population of Dvārakā (people, populace)

• तूर्णात् (tūrṇāt) - with haste, in a hurry (quickly, swiftly (from))

• तूर्णतरम् (tūrṇataram) - with even greater urgency (more quickly, very swiftly)

• जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they quickly left the city (they went, they departed)

• अहो (aho) - an exclamation of dismay or wonder (oh!, alas!, ha!)

• दैवम् (daivam) - emphasizing the irresistibility of divine decree (fate, destiny, divine will)

• इति (iti) - marking the end of the quote (thus, so saying, indicating direct speech)

• ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - while uttering their lament (saying, speaking)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (astonishing event) (that, it)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the submerging of Dvārakā.

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - the amazing event of Dvārakā's submergence (wonder, astonishing thing, marvel)

(noun)

neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, amazing, marvel, wonder

Note: Object of abhiprekṣya, qualified by tat.

अभिप्रेक्ष्य (abhiprekṣya) - having observed the extraordinary event (having seen, having perceived, having witnessed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from abhi + pra + īkṣ (to see), with suffix -ya

Prefixes: abhi+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Governs tat adbhutam.

द्वारकावासिनः (dvārakāvāsinaḥ) - the inhabitants of the city of Dvārakā (residents of Dvārakā)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvārakāvāsin

dvārakāvāsin - resident of Dvārakā

from Dvārakā + vāsin (dweller)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvārakā+vāsin)

• dvārakā – Dvārakā (name of a city)
  proper noun (feminine)
• vāsin – dweller, inhabitant
  noun (masculine)
  from vas (to dwell) + ṇini
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Agrees with janāḥ, forming the subject.

जनाः (janāḥ) - the general population of Dvārakā (people, populace)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - people, man, creature

Note: Subject of jagmuḥ.

तूर्णात् (tūrṇāt) - with haste, in a hurry (quickly, swiftly (from))

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

from tūr (to hasten), P.P.P.

Root: tūr (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'quickly'.

तूर्णतरम् (tūrṇataram) - with even greater urgency (more quickly, very swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Comparative of tūrṇa

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'more quickly'.

जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they quickly left the city (they went, they departed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect Active

Root gam, 3rd person plural, perfect active

Root: gam (class 1)

अहो (aho) - an exclamation of dismay or wonder (oh!, alas!, ha!)

(indeclinable)

दैवम् (daivam) - emphasizing the irresistibility of divine decree (fate, destiny, divine will)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of daiva

daiva - fate, destiny, divine will, pertaining to gods

from deva (god)

Note: Part of the direct speech 'Aho daivam!'

इति (iti) - marking the end of the quote (thus, so saying, indicating direct speech)

(indeclinable)

ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - while uttering their lament (saying, speaking)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, saying

Present Active Participle

from root brū (to speak), present active, nominative singular masculine

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Agrees with the implicit subject (one of the people) or collectively with janāḥ.