महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-123, verse-66

ततस्तस्य नगस्थस्य क्षुरेण निशितेन ह ।
शिर उत्कृत्य तरसा पातयामास पाण्डवः ॥६६॥

66. tatastasya nagasthasya kṣureṇa niśitena ha ,
śira utkṛtya tarasā pātayāmāsa pāṇḍavaḥ.

66. tataḥ tasya nagasthasya kṣureṇa niśitena ha
śiraḥ ut kṛtya tarasā pātayām āsa pāṇḍavaḥ

66. Then the Pāṇḍava (Arjuna), using a sharpened arrow, swiftly cut off the head of that hawk perched on the tree, and caused it to fall.

66. ואז בן פָּאנְדוּ כרת במהירות בחץ חד כתער את ראשו של העיט היושב על העץ, והפיל אותו.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (hawk) (of that, his)

• नगस्थस्य (nagasthasya) - of the hawk perched on the tree (of the one standing on the tree, of the tree-dwelling one)

• क्षुरेण (kṣureṇa) - by a razor, by a razor-edged arrow

• निशितेन (niśitena) - by a sharpened, by a whetted

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely (emphasizing particle)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• उत् (ut) - up, out (as prefix)

• कृत्य (kṛtya) - having cut, having severed

• तरसा (tarasā) - quickly, swiftly, with force

• पातयाम् (pātayām) - causing to fall

• आस (āsa) - he was, he did (auxiliary for periphrastic perfect)

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - the Pāṇḍava, Arjuna

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - of that (hawk) (of that, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

नगस्थस्य (nagasthasya) - of the hawk perched on the tree (of the one standing on the tree, of the tree-dwelling one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nagastha

nagastha - standing on a tree, tree-dwelling

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (naga+stha)

• naga – mountain, tree (lit. 'not moving')
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, situated, existing in
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root sthā
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

क्षुरेण (kṣureṇa) - by a razor, by a razor-edged arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣura

kṣura - razor, knife, arrow

निशितेन (niśitena) - by a sharpened, by a whetted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of niśita

niśita - sharpened, whetted, keen

Past Passive Participle

From root śo (to sharpen) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

ह (ha) - indeed, surely (emphasizing particle)

(indeclinable)

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

उत् (ut) - up, out (as prefix)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an upasarga (prefix) with kṛtya to form 'utkṛtya'.

कृत्य (kṛtya) - having cut, having severed

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Suffix -ya added to root after upasarga

Root: kṛt (class 6)

Note: Forms utkṛtya when combined with 'ut'.

तरसा (tarasā) - quickly, swiftly, with force

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of taras

taras - speed, force, velocity

पातयाम् (pātayām) - causing to fall

(verb)

active, perfect (periphrastic) (lit) of pat

Causative stem + periphrastic perfect formation

Causative stem 'pātayā' followed by āsa (auxiliary verb) to form periphrastic perfect.

Root: pat (class 1)

आस (āsa) - he was, he did (auxiliary for periphrastic perfect)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb for the periphrastic perfect 'pātayām āsa'.

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - the Pāṇḍava, Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

Derived from Pāṇḍu with aṇ suffix

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