महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-123, verse-66

ततस्तस्य नगस्थस्य क्षुरेण निशितेन ह ।
शिर उत्कृत्य तरसा पातयामास पाण्डवः ॥६६॥

66. tatastasya nagasthasya kṣureṇa niśitena ha ,
śira utkṛtya tarasā pātayāmāsa pāṇḍavaḥ.

66. tataḥ tasya nagasthasya kṣureṇa niśitena ha
śiraḥ ut kṛtya tarasā pātayām āsa pāṇḍavaḥ

66. Then the Pāṇḍava (Arjuna), using a sharpened arrow, swiftly cut off the head of that hawk perched on the tree, and caused it to fall.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (hawk) (of that, his)

• नगस्थस्य (nagasthasya) - of the hawk perched on the tree (of the one standing on the tree, of the tree-dwelling one)

• क्षुरेण (kṣureṇa) - by a razor, by a razor-edged arrow

• निशितेन (niśitena) - by a sharpened, by a whetted

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely (emphasizing particle)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• उत् (ut) - up, out (as prefix)

• कृत्य (kṛtya) - having cut, having severed

• तरसा (tarasā) - quickly, swiftly, with force

• पातयाम् (pātayām) - causing to fall

• आस (āsa) - he was, he did (auxiliary for periphrastic perfect)

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - the Pāṇḍava, Arjuna

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - of that (hawk) (of that, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

नगस्थस्य (nagasthasya) - of the hawk perched on the tree (of the one standing on the tree, of the tree-dwelling one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nagastha

nagastha - standing on a tree, tree-dwelling

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (naga+stha)

• naga – mountain, tree (lit. 'not moving')
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, situated, existing in
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root sthā
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

क्षुरेण (kṣureṇa) - by a razor, by a razor-edged arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣura

kṣura - razor, knife, arrow

निशितेन (niśitena) - by a sharpened, by a whetted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of niśita

niśita - sharpened, whetted, keen

Past Passive Participle

From root śo (to sharpen) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

ह (ha) - indeed, surely (emphasizing particle)

(indeclinable)

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

उत् (ut) - up, out (as prefix)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an upasarga (prefix) with kṛtya to form 'utkṛtya'.

कृत्य (kṛtya) - having cut, having severed

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Suffix -ya added to root after upasarga

Root: kṛt (class 6)

Note: Forms utkṛtya when combined with 'ut'.

तरसा (tarasā) - quickly, swiftly, with force

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of taras

taras - speed, force, velocity

पातयाम् (pātayām) - causing to fall

(verb)

active, perfect (periphrastic) (lit) of pat

Causative stem + periphrastic perfect formation

Causative stem 'pātayā' followed by āsa (auxiliary verb) to form periphrastic perfect.

Root: pat (class 1)

आस (āsa) - he was, he did (auxiliary for periphrastic perfect)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb for the periphrastic perfect 'pātayām āsa'.

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - the Pāṇḍava, Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

Derived from Pāṇḍu with aṇ suffix