महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-123, verse-21

लाघवं शब्दवेधित्वं दृष्ट्वा तत्परमं तदा ।
प्रेक्ष्य तं व्रीडिताश्चासन्प्रशशंसुश्च सर्वशः ॥२१॥

21. lāghavaṁ śabdavedhitvaṁ dṛṣṭvā tatparamaṁ tadā ,
prekṣya taṁ vrīḍitāścāsanpraśaśaṁsuśca sarvaśaḥ.

21. lāghavam śabdavedhitvam dṛṣṭvā tat paramam tadā
prekṣya tam vrīḍitāḥ ca āsan praśaśaṁsuḥ ca sarvaśaḥ

21. Then, having seen that supreme swiftness and the ability to hit targets by sound (śabdavedhitva), and observing the dog, they became ashamed and praised (the archer) in every way.

Words meanings summery:

• लाघवम् (lāghavam) - swiftness, skill, lightness

• शब्दवेधित्वम् (śabdavedhitvam) - the ability to hit targets by sound, sound-piercing ability

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• तत् (tat) - that, such

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme, great, utmost

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having looked at, observing

• तम् (tam) - the dog (him, it)

• व्रीडिताः (vrīḍitāḥ) - ashamed, embarrassed

• च (ca) - and

• आसन् (āsan) - they were

• प्रशशंसुः (praśaśaṁsuḥ) - they praised the archer (Kṛṣṇa/Ekalavya) (they praised)

• च (ca) - and

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - in every way, completely

Words meanings and morphology

लाघवम् (lāghavam) - swiftness, skill, lightness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of lāghava

lāghava - lightness, agility, swiftness, skill, dexterity, cleverness

From laghu (light) with suffix -a.

शब्दवेधित्वम् (śabdavedhitvam) - the ability to hit targets by sound, sound-piercing ability

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śabdavedhitva

śabdavedhitva - the quality or ability of piercing/hitting by sound

From the compound śabdavedhin (hitting by sound) with the abstract suffix -tva.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śabda+vedhitva)

• śabda – sound, word
  noun (masculine)
• vedhitva – the quality of piercing or hitting
  noun (neuter)
  From vedhin (piercing, hitting) with suffix -tva.
  Root: vidh (class 6)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dṛś (to see), absolutive form.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that, such

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

परमम् (paramam) - supreme, great, utmost

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, chief, excellent, utmost, greatest

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having looked at, observing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root īkṣ (to see), with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

तम् (tam) - the dog (him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

व्रीडिताः (vrīḍitāḥ) - ashamed, embarrassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vrīḍita

vrīḍita - ashamed, embarrassed, shy

Past Passive Participle

From root vrīḍ (to be ashamed).

Root: vrīḍ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आसन् (āsan) - they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

प्रशशंसुः (praśaśaṁsuḥ) - they praised the archer (Kṛṣṇa/Ekalavya) (they praised)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of śaṁs

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṁs (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - in every way, completely

(indeclinable)

From sarva (all) with the suffix -śaḥ (denoting manner).