महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-123, verse-40

द्रोणस्य तु तदा शिष्यौ गदायोग्यां विशेषतः ।
दुर्योधनश्च भीमश्च कुरूणामभ्यगच्छताम् ॥४०॥

40. droṇasya tu tadā śiṣyau gadāyogyāṁ viśeṣataḥ ,
duryodhanaśca bhīmaśca kurūṇāmabhyagacchatām.

40. droṇasya tu tadā śiṣyau gadāyogyām viśeṣataḥ
duryodhanaḥ ca bhīmaḥ ca kurūṇām abhyagacchatām

40. At that time, Drona's two disciples, Duryodhana and Bhima, particularly among the Kurus, attained proficiency in mace-fighting (gadāyogyām).

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणस्य (droṇasya) - of Drona

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• शिष्यौ (śiṣyau) - two disciples

• गदायोग्याम् (gadāyogyām) - proficiency in mace-fighting (mace-fighting skill, fitness for mace)

• विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (name of a Kuru prince)

• च (ca) - and, also

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima (name of a Pandava prince)

• च (ca) - and, also

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

• अभ्यगच्छताम् (abhyagacchatām) - they attained proficiency, they excelled (they approached, attained, excelled)

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणस्य (droṇasya) - of Drona

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of a preceptor)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

शिष्यौ (śiṣyau) - two disciples

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, pupil, student

Gerundive

from root √śās (to teach, to instruct)

Root: śās (class 2)

गदायोग्याम् (gadāyogyām) - proficiency in mace-fighting (mace-fighting skill, fitness for mace)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gadāyogyā

gadāyogyā - fitness for mace, mace-fighting skill, proficiency in using a mace

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gadā+yogyā)

• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• yogyā – fit, proper, suitable, worthy; fitness, suitability
  noun (feminine)
  Gerundive
  from root √yuj (to join, to apply) with suffix -ya
  Root: yuj (class 7)

विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly

(indeclinable)

suffix -tas from viśeṣa (distinction)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (name of a Kuru prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (eldest of the Kauravas)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima (name of a Pandava prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhima (name of a Pandava prince), terrible, formidable

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient king and his descendants, including Pandavas and Kauravas)

अभ्यगच्छताम् (abhyagacchatām) - they attained proficiency, they excelled (they approached, attained, excelled)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abigam

Imperfect

root √gam with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)