महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-123, verse-41

अश्वत्थामा रहस्येषु सर्वेष्वभ्यधिकोऽभवत् ।
तथाति पुरुषानन्यान्त्सारुकौ यमजावुभौ ।
युधिष्ठिरो रथश्रेष्ठः सर्वत्र तु धनंजयः ॥४१॥

41. aśvatthāmā rahasyeṣu sarveṣvabhyadhiko'bhavat ,
tathāti puruṣānanyāntsārukau yamajāvubhau ,
yudhiṣṭhiro rathaśreṣṭhaḥ sarvatra tu dhanaṁjayaḥ.

41. aśvatthāmā rahahyesu sarveṣu abhyadhikaḥ
abhavat tathā ati puruṣān anyān
sārukau yamajau ubhau yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
rathasreṣṭhaḥ sarvatra tu dhanañjayaḥ

41. Ashwatthama was superior in all confidential matters. Likewise, both twins (Nakula and Sahadeva), masters of `sāru` (a specific combat skill), surpassed other men. Yudhishthira was the foremost charioteer, but Dhananjaya (Arjuna) was supreme in every aspect.

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Ashwatthama (name of Drona's son)

• रहस्येषु (rahasyeṣu) - in secret things, in confidential matters

• सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all (secret teachings/skills) (in all, in every)

• अभ्यधिकः (abhyadhikaḥ) - superior, greater, excelling

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, he was

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, likewise

• अति (ati) - beyond, over, surpassing

• पुरुषान् (puruṣān) - men, persons

• अन्यान् (anyān) - other, different

• सारुकौ (sārukau) - the two masters of the sāru weapon/skill (Nakula and Sahadeva) (the two sāru masters)

• यमजौ (yamajau) - Nakula and Sahadeva (the two twins)

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (name of a Pandava prince)

• रथस्रेष्ठः (rathasreṣṭhaḥ) - best charioteer, best among chariots

• सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere, in all matters

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna, a title meaning 'conqueror of wealth' (Dhananjaya (Arjuna))

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Ashwatthama (name of Drona's son)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - Ashwatthama (son of Drona), having the power of a horse

रहस्येषु (rahasyeṣu) - in secret things, in confidential matters

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of rahasya

rahasya - secret, mystery, private, confidential matter

from rahas (secret, solitude)

सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all (secret teachings/skills) (in all, in every)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

अभ्यधिकः (abhyadhikaḥ) - superior, greater, excelling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyadhika

abhyadhika - superior, greater, excessive, abundant, excelling

prefix abhi + adhika (more, additional)

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (abhi+adhika)

• abhi – towards, over, above, for
  indeclinable
  prefix
• adhika – more, additional, abundant, superior
  adjective (masculine)
  from 'adhi' (above, over) + 'ka' suffix

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect

root √bhū (to be, to become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, likewise

(indeclinable)

अति (ati) - beyond, over, surpassing

(indeclinable)

preposition/prefix

Note: Used here with accusative to mean 'surpassing'.

पुरुषान् (puruṣān) - men, persons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, human being, the cosmic person (puruṣa)

अन्यान् (anyān) - other, different

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

सारुकौ (sārukau) - the two masters of the sāru weapon/skill (Nakula and Sahadeva) (the two sāru masters)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sāruka

sāruka - one skilled in using a sāru (a type of weapon or combat skill, e.g., spear/javelin)

from 'sāru' (spear/javelin) + 'ka' suffix

यमजौ (yamajau) - Nakula and Sahadeva (the two twins)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of yamaja

yamaja - twin-born, twin

from yama (twin, pair) + ja (born)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yama+ja)

• yama – twin, pair, Yama (god of death)
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  from root √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubhā

ubhā - both

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (name of a Pandava prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (eldest Pandava prince), firm in battle

Compound type : aluk-ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable, resolute
  adjective (masculine)
  from root √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

रथस्रेष्ठः (rathasreṣṭhaḥ) - best charioteer, best among chariots

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathaśreṣṭha

rathaśreṣṭha - best charioteer, foremost of chariots

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (ratha+śreṣṭha)

• ratha – chariot, car, vehicle
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of praśasya (excellent)

सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere, in all matters

(indeclinable)

suffix -tra from sarva (all)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna, a title meaning 'conqueror of wealth' (Dhananjaya (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - Dhananjaya (epithet of Arjuna), conqueror of wealth, one who wins riches

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, money
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – conqueror, victor, victory
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  from root √ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)