महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-123, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
अर्जुनस्तु परं यत्नमातस्थे गुरुपूजने ।
अस्त्रे च परमं योगं प्रियो द्रोणस्य चाभवत् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
arjunastu paraṁ yatnamātasthe gurupūjane ,
astre ca paramaṁ yogaṁ priyo droṇasya cābhavat.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca arjunaḥ tu param yatnam ātasthe
gurupūjane astre ca paramam yogam priyaḥ droṇasya ca abhavat

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: But Arjuna, for his part, applied supreme effort to honoring his teacher (guru). He also attained supreme mastery (yoga) in weaponry and became very dear to Droṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The sage Vaiśaṃpāyana (Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• तु (tu) - for his part, however (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• परम् (param) - supreme, utmost (supreme, highest, excellent, utmost)

• यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort, diligence (effort, exertion, endeavor)

• आतस्थे (ātasthe) - he applied himself, he exerted (he applied himself, he stood in, he resorted to)

• गुरुपूजने (gurupūjane) - in honoring his teacher (guru) (in honoring the teacher, in teacher-worship)

• अस्त्रे (astre) - in weaponry (in weapons, in military science, in archery)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme (supreme, highest, excellent, utmost)

• योगम् (yogam) - mastery (yoga) (application, effort, union, discipline, spiritual practice, mastery)

• प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear (to Droṇa) (dear, beloved, agreeable)

• द्रोणस्य (droṇasya) - of Droṇa, to Droṇa (of Droṇa)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became (he became, he was, it happened)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The sage Vaiśaṃpāyana (Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage)

Patronymic from 'Viśampāyana'.

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect (liṭ)

Perfect 3rd person singular active of root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Standard introduction to speech.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a hero), white, bright

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तु (tu) - for his part, however (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates a contrast or emphasis.

परम् (param) - supreme, utmost (supreme, highest, excellent, utmost)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, utmost, excellent

Superlative of 'pra' (before, forth).

Note: Qualifies 'yatnam'.

यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort, diligence (effort, exertion, endeavor)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, endeavor, diligence

Derived from root 'yat' (to endeavor).

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Object of 'ātasthe'.

आतस्थे (ātasthe) - he applied himself, he exerted (he applied himself, he stood in, he resorted to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of ātāsthā

perfect (liṭ)

Perfect 3rd person singular middle of root 'sthā' with upasarga 'ā-'.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Means 'took a stand, applied himself'.

गुरुपूजने (gurupūjane) - in honoring his teacher (guru) (in honoring the teacher, in teacher-worship)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gurupūjana

gurupūjana - honoring the teacher, teacher-worship

Compound of 'guru' (teacher) and 'pūjana' (honoring).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (guru+pūjana)

• guru – teacher, preceptor
  noun (masculine)
• pūjana – honoring, worshiping, revering
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun
  Action noun from root 'pūj' (to honor).
  Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Specifies the area of his effort.

अस्त्रे (astre) - in weaponry (in weapons, in military science, in archery)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile, military science

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Specifies the field of skill.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'gurupūjana' and 'astre'.

परमम् (paramam) - supreme (supreme, highest, excellent, utmost)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, utmost, excellent

Superlative of 'pra' (before, forth).

Note: Qualifies 'yogam'.

योगम् (yogam) - mastery (yoga) (application, effort, union, discipline, spiritual practice, mastery)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - union, spiritual discipline, application, effort, skill, mastery, concentration

From root 'yuj' (to join).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Object of 'abhavat' (implied: achieved).

प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear (to Droṇa) (dear, beloved, agreeable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, agreeable, one's own

Note: Predicative adjective with 'abhavat'.

द्रोणस्य (droṇasya) - of Droṇa, to Droṇa (of Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of the teacher), bucket, a measure of grain

Note: Indicates possession or relation ('dear to Droṇa').

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two main outcomes for Arjuna.

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became (he became, he was, it happened)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

imperfect (laṅ)

Imperfect 3rd person singular active of root 'bhū'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.