महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-123, verse-43

अस्त्रे गुर्वनुरागे च विशिष्टोऽभवदर्जुनः ।
तुल्येष्वस्त्रोपदेशेषु सौष्ठवेन च वीर्यवान् ।
एकः सर्वकुमाराणां बभूवातिरथोऽर्जुनः ॥४३॥

43. astre gurvanurāge ca viśiṣṭo'bhavadarjunaḥ ,
tulyeṣvastropadeśeṣu sauṣṭhavena ca vīryavān ,
ekaḥ sarvakumārāṇāṁ babhūvātiratho'rjunaḥ.

43. astre gurvanurāge ca viśiṣṭaḥ abhavat
arjunaḥ tulyeṣu astropadeśeṣu
sauṣṭhavena ca vīryavān ekaḥ
sarvakumārāṇām babhūva atirathaḥ arjunaḥ

43. Arjuna became exceptionally proficient in weaponry and in his devotion to his teacher (guru). Though the instructions in weapon-craft were the same for all, he was mighty through his superior skill. Arjuna alone among all the princes became an exceptional chariot warrior (atiratha).

Words meanings summery:

• अस्त्रे (astre) - in weapon-craft (in a weapon, in weapon-craft)

• गुर्वनुरागे (gurvanurāge) - in devotion to his teacher (guru) (in devotion to a guru, in affection for a teacher)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विशिष्टः (viśiṣṭaḥ) - exceptionally proficient (distinguished, excellent, superior, special)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became (became, was)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (a proper name))

• तुल्येषु (tulyeṣu) - though equal (for all) (in equal, in similar (ones))

• अस्त्रोपदेशेषु (astropadeśeṣu) - in weapon-craft instructions (in weapon instructions, in teachings of weaponry)

• सौष्ठवेन (sauṣṭhavena) - by his superior skill (by skill, by dexterity, by elegance)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - mighty (powerful, valorous, heroic, energetic)

• एकः (ekaḥ) - alone, the only one (one, single, alone, unique)

• सर्वकुमाराणाम् (sarvakumārāṇām) - among all the princes (of all princes/youths)

• बभूव (babhūva) - became (became, was)

• अतिरथः (atirathaḥ) - an exceptional chariot warrior (atiratha) (a great chariot warrior, an exceptional warrior)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (a proper name))

Words meanings and morphology

अस्त्रे (astre) - in weapon-craft (in a weapon, in weapon-craft)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile

Root: as (class 4)

गुर्वनुरागे (gurvanurāge) - in devotion to his teacher (guru) (in devotion to a guru, in affection for a teacher)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of gurvanurāga

gurvanurāga - devotion to a teacher, affection for a guru

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+anurāga)

• guru – teacher, preceptor, respected person
  noun (masculine)
• anurāga – affection, devotion, attachment
  noun (masculine)
  From root √rañj with prefix anu-.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: rañj (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

विशिष्टः (viśiṣṭaḥ) - exceptionally proficient (distinguished, excellent, superior, special)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśiṣṭa

viśiṣṭa - distinguished, excellent, superior, special

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √śiṣ (7P) with upasarga `vi` and suffix -ta.

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

अभवत् (abhavat) - became (became, was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect (Laṅ)

3rd person singular active voice, Imperfect tense.

Root: bhū (class 1)

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna, white, clear

तुल्येषु (tulyeṣu) - though equal (for all) (in equal, in similar (ones))

(adjective)

Locative, plural of tulya

tulya - equal, similar, comparable

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

Derived from root √tul (1A, 10U) with suffix -ya. Can also be a primary adjective.

Root: tul (class 1)

Note: Agreement with `astropadeśeṣu`.

अस्त्रोपदेशेषु (astropadeśeṣu) - in weapon-craft instructions (in weapon instructions, in teachings of weaponry)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of astropadeśa

astropadeśa - instruction in weapons, teaching of weaponry

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (astra+upadeśa)

• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from √as 'to throw'.
  Root: as (class 4)
• upadeśa – instruction, teaching, advice
  noun (masculine)
  From root √diś with prefix upa-.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: diś (class 6)

सौष्ठवेन (sauṣṭhavena) - by his superior skill (by skill, by dexterity, by elegance)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sauṣṭhava

sauṣṭhava - skill, dexterity, elegance, perfection

Derived from `suṣṭhu` (well, properly) + `aṇ` suffix.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - mighty (powerful, valorous, heroic, energetic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - powerful, valorous, energetic, strong

Possessive suffix -vat from `vīrya` (valor, strength).

एकः (ekaḥ) - alone, the only one (one, single, alone, unique)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique

सर्वकुमाराणाम् (sarvakumārāṇām) - among all the princes (of all princes/youths)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvakumāra

sarvakumāra - all princes, all youths

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+kumāra)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun
• kumāra – prince, youth, boy
  noun (masculine)

बभूव (babhūva) - became (became, was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect (Liṭ)

3rd person singular active voice, Perfect tense.

Root: bhū (class 1)

अतिरथः (atirathaḥ) - an exceptional chariot warrior (atiratha) (a great chariot warrior, an exceptional warrior)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atiratha

atiratha - a great chariot warrior, a warrior fighting from a chariot, a mighty warrior

Formed with `ati` (beyond, exceedingly) + `ratha` (chariot, warrior fighting from chariot).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ati+ratha)

• ati – over, beyond, exceeding
  indeclinable
  Prefix or preverb.
• ratha – chariot, a warrior fighting from a chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna, white, clear