महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-123, verse-46

कृत्रिमं भासमारोप्य वृक्षाग्रे शिल्पिभिः कृतम् ।
अविज्ञातं कुमाराणां लक्ष्यभूतमुपादिशत् ॥४६॥

46. kṛtrimaṁ bhāsamāropya vṛkṣāgre śilpibhiḥ kṛtam ,
avijñātaṁ kumārāṇāṁ lakṣyabhūtamupādiśat.

46. kṛtrimam bhāsam āropya vṛkṣāgre śilpibhiḥ
kṛtam avijñātam kumārāṇām lakṣyabhūtam upādiśat

46. He instructed them, pointing out an artificial falcon, crafted by artisans and placed on the treetop, which was made into a target and remained unknown to the princes.

Words meanings summery:

• कृत्रिमम् (kṛtrimam) - artificial (artificial, fabricated, made)

• भासम् (bhāsam) - a falcon (falcon, kite (bird), light, appearance)

• आरोप्य (āropya) - having placed (having placed, having mounted, having caused to ascend)

• वृक्षाग्रे (vṛkṣāgre) - on the treetop (on the top of a tree, on a treetop)

• शिल्पिभिः (śilpibhiḥ) - by artisans (by artisans, by craftsmen)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - crafted (made, done, accomplished)

• अविज्ञातम् (avijñātam) - remained unknown (unknown, unperceived, unnoticed)

• कुमाराणाम् (kumārāṇām) - to the princes (of the princes, of the youths)

• लक्ष्यभूतम् (lakṣyabhūtam) - which was made into a target (having become a target, serving as a target)

• उपादिशत् (upādiśat) - he instructed them, pointing out (he instructed, he pointed out, he advised)

Words meanings and morphology

कृत्रिमम् (kṛtrimam) - artificial (artificial, fabricated, made)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛtrima

kṛtrima - artificial, made, fabricated, not natural

From root √kṛ (8U) with suffix -trima.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

भासम् (bhāsam) - a falcon (falcon, kite (bird), light, appearance)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāsa

bhāsa - falcon, kite, vulture; light, splendor, appearance

From root √bhās (1A) 'to shine'.

Root: bhās (class 1)

Note: Refers to the artificial bird target.

आरोप्य (āropya) - having placed (having placed, having mounted, having caused to ascend)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From causal of root √ruh (1P) with prefix `ā`, and suffix -ya.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

वृक्षाग्रे (vṛkṣāgre) - on the treetop (on the top of a tree, on a treetop)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vṛkṣāgra

vṛkṣāgra - treetop, tip of a tree

Compound: `vṛkṣa` (tree) + `agra` (tip, top).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vṛkṣa+agra)

• vṛkṣa – tree
  noun (masculine)
• agra – tip, top, front, chief
  noun (neuter)

शिल्पिभिः (śilpibhiḥ) - by artisans (by artisans, by craftsmen)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śilpin

śilpin - artisan, craftsman, artist

Agent noun from `śilpa` (art, craft).

Note: Describes who made the falcon.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - crafted (made, done, accomplished)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - made, done, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

From root √kṛ (8U) with suffix -ta.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अविज्ञातम् (avijñātam) - remained unknown (unknown, unperceived, unnoticed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avijñāta

avijñāta - unknown, unperceived, unnoticed

Past Passive Participle

From `a` (negation) + `vi` (prefix) + root √jñā (9P) + suffix -ta.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vijñāta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vijñāta – known, perceived, understood
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √jñā (9P) with prefix `vi` and suffix -ta.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to the falcon.

कुमाराणाम् (kumārāṇām) - to the princes (of the princes, of the youths)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kumāra

kumāra - prince, youth, boy

Note: Implies 'unknown *to* the princes'.

लक्ष्यभूतम् (lakṣyabhūtam) - which was made into a target (having become a target, serving as a target)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lakṣyabhūta

lakṣyabhūta - having become a target, serving as a target

Compound: `lakṣya` (target) + `bhūta` (become, been).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (lakṣya+bhūta)

• lakṣya – target, aim, object of perception
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From root √lakṣ (10U) with suffix -ya.
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)
• bhūta – become, been, existing, a being
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √bhū (1P) with suffix -ta.
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to the falcon.

उपादिशत् (upādiśat) - he instructed them, pointing out (he instructed, he pointed out, he advised)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of diś

Imperfect (Laṅ)

3rd person singular active voice, Imperfect tense, with prefix `upa`.

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Refers to Droṇa.