महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-123, verse-18

स कृष्णं मलदिग्धाङ्गं कृष्णाजिनधरं वने ।
नैषादिं श्वा समालक्ष्य भषंस्तस्थौ तदन्तिके ॥१८॥

18. sa kṛṣṇaṁ maladigdhāṅgaṁ kṛṣṇājinadharaṁ vane ,
naiṣādiṁ śvā samālakṣya bhaṣaṁstasthau tadantike.

18. saḥ kṛṣṇam maladigdhāṅgam kṛṣṇājinadharam vane
naiṣādim śvā samālakṣya bhaṣan tasthau tadantike

18. That dog, seeing Kṛṣṇa in the forest, his body smeared with dirt and wearing a black deerskin, took him for a Niṣāda and stood barking near him.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that dog (that, he)

• कृष्णम् (kṛṣṇam) - Kṛṣṇa

• मलदिग्धाङ्गम् (maladigdhāṅgam) - whose body is smeared with dirt

• कृष्णाजिनधरम् (kṛṣṇājinadharam) - wearing a black deerskin

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• नैषादिम् (naiṣādim) - Kṛṣṇa, whom the dog mistook for a Niṣāda (the Niṣāda)

• श्वा (śvā) - dog

• समालक्ष्य (samālakṣya) - recognizing him as a Niṣāda (having seen, having perceived, recognizing)

• भषन् (bhaṣan) - barking

• तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood

• तदन्तिके (tadantike) - near him, in his vicinity

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that dog (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कृष्णम् (kṛṣṇam) - Kṛṣṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Kṛṣṇa (a proper name); black, dark

मलदिग्धाङ्गम् (maladigdhāṅgam) - whose body is smeared with dirt

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of maladigdhāṅga

maladigdhāṅga - whose limbs are smeared with dirt

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mala+digdha+aṅga)

• mala – dirt, impurity, filth
  noun (masculine)
• digdha – smeared, anointed, soiled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dih (to smear).
  Root: dih (class 4)
• aṅga – limb, body, part
  noun (neuter)

कृष्णाजिनधरम् (kṛṣṇājinadharam) - wearing a black deerskin

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇājinadhara

kṛṣṇājinadhara - one who wears a black deerskin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛṣṇa-ajina+dhara)

• kṛṣṇa-ajina – black deerskin
  noun (neuter)
• dhara – wearing, bearing, holding
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root dhṛ (to hold, wear).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

नैषादिम् (naiṣādim) - Kṛṣṇa, whom the dog mistook for a Niṣāda (the Niṣāda)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of naiṣāda

naiṣāda - a member of a low caste, a hunter, specifically Kṛṣṇa in the context of this story (as the dog mistakes him for one)

श्वा (śvā) - dog

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvan

śvan - dog

समालक्ष्य (samālakṣya) - recognizing him as a Niṣāda (having seen, having perceived, recognizing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root īkṣ (to see), with prefixes sam- and ā-.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

भषन् (bhaṣan) - barking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhaṣat

bhaṣat - barking

Present Active Participle

From root bhaṣ (to bark), present participle form.

Root: bhaṣ (class 1)

तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

तदन्तिके (tadantike) - near him, in his vicinity

(indeclinable)

Locative case of the compound noun 'tadantika' used adverbially.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+antika)

• tad – that, him
  pronoun (masculine)
• antika – near, proximity, vicinity
  noun (neuter)