महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-123, verse-17

तेषां विचरतां तत्र तत्तत्कर्म चिकीर्षताम् ।
श्वा चरन्स वने मूढो नैषादिं प्रति जग्मिवान् ॥१७॥

17. teṣāṁ vicaratāṁ tatra tattatkarma cikīrṣatām ,
śvā caransa vane mūḍho naiṣādiṁ prati jagmivān.

17. teṣām vicaratām tatra tattat karma cikīrṣatām
śvā caran saḥ vane mūḍhaḥ naiṣādim prati jagmivān

17. While they were roaming there, eager to perform their respective duties (karma), a dog, wandering aimlessly in the forest, did not approach the Niṣāda.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, theirs

• विचरताम् (vicaratām) - of those wandering, of those moving about

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• तत्तत् (tattat) - that and that, various, respective

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed, duty (karma)

• चिकीर्षताम् (cikīrṣatām) - of those wishing to do, of those eager to perform

• श्वा (śvā) - dog

• चरन् (caran) - wandering, moving

• सः (saḥ) - that dog (he, that)

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - aimless in its wandering (bewildered, foolish, confused, aimless)

• नैषादिम् (naiṣādim) - the Niṣāda

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, regarding

• जग्मिवान् (jagmivān) - went, had gone

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, theirs

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विचरताम् (vicaratām) - of those wandering, of those moving about

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vicarat

vicarat - wandering, moving about

Present Active Participle

Root car (to move) with prefix vi (around), present participle form.

Prefix: vi

Root: car (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

तत्तत् (tattat) - that and that, various, respective

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tattat

tattat - that and that, various, respective

Reduplication of the pronoun 'tad' (that) to indicate 'various' or 'respective'.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (tad+tad)

• tad – that
  pronoun (neuter)
• tad – that
  pronoun (neuter)

Note: Used here adjectivally with 'karma'.

कर्म (karma) - action, deed, duty (karma)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, duty, religious rite, consequence of actions

From root kṛ (to do), suffix -man.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

चिकीर्षताम् (cikīrṣatām) - of those wishing to do, of those eager to perform

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of cikīrṣat

cikīrṣat - wishing to do, desirous of acting, intending to perform

Desiderative Present Active Participle

From root kṛ (to do), desiderative stem cikīrṣa- followed by present participle suffix -at.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

श्वा (śvā) - dog

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvan

śvan - dog

चरन् (caran) - wandering, moving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of carat

carat - moving, going, wandering

Present Active Participle

From root car (to move, wander), present participle form.

Root: car (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - that dog (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - aimless in its wandering (bewildered, foolish, confused, aimless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - bewildered, deluded, stupid, confused, foolish, ignorant

Past Passive Participle

From root muh (to be bewildered, confused), past passive participle.

Root: muh (class 4)

नैषादिम् (naiṣādim) - the Niṣāda

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of naiṣāda

naiṣāda - a member of a low caste, a hunter, specifically Kṛṣṇa in the context of this story (as the dog mistakes him for one)

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, regarding

(indeclinable)

Used as a preposition, governing the accusative case.

जग्मिवान् (jagmivān) - went, had gone

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jagmivat

jagmivat - having gone, went

Perfect Active Participle

From root gam (to go), perfect active participle form.

Root: gam (class 1)