योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-14, verse-28

श्रीराम उवाच ।
एवमेतत्कथं ब्रह्मन्नेकजीवेच्छयाखिलाः ।
जगज्जीवा न युज्यन्ते महाजीवैकतावशात् ॥ २८ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
evametatkathaṃ brahmannekajīvecchayākhilāḥ ,
jagajjīvā na yujyante mahājīvaikatāvaśāt 28

28. evam etat katham brahman eka jīva icchayā akhilāḥ
jagat jīvāḥ na yujyante mahā jīva ekatā vaśāt

28. brahman evam etat katham eka jīva icchayā akhilāḥ
jagat jīvāḥ mahā jīva ekatā vaśāt na yujyante

28. Shri Rama said: O Brahmin, if this is so, how is it that all the individual souls (jīvas) in the world are not unified by the will of a single individual soul (jīva), considering the oneness of the Great Soul (mahā jīva)?

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - if this is so (thus, in this way, indeed)

• एतत् (etat) - this (situation) (this)

• कथम् (katham) - how (is it possible) (how, why)

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - addressing Sage Vasiṣṭha (O Brahmin)

• एक (eka) - a single (jīva) (one, single)

• जीव (jīva) - individual soul (jīva) (living being, individual soul)

• इच्छया (icchayā) - by the will (of a single jīva) (by will, by desire)

• अखिलाः (akhilāḥ) - all (the jīvas) (all, entire)

• जगत् (jagat) - of the world (world)

• जीवाः (jīvāḥ) - the individual souls (jīvas) of the world (individual souls, living beings)

• न (na) - not

• युज्यन्ते (yujyante) - they are united (they are joined, they are united, they are connected)

• महा (mahā) - great

• जीव (jīva) - Soul, referring to the Supreme Soul (living being, soul)

• एकता (ekatā) - oneness (oneness, unity)

• वशात् (vaśāt) - due to (the oneness) (due to, by reason of, by virtue of)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - if this is so (thus, in this way, indeed)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (situation) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, here

Note: Refers to the current statement or state of affairs.

कथम् (katham) - how (is it possible) (how, why)

(indeclinable)

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - addressing Sage Vasiṣṭha (O Brahmin)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - a Brahmin, a knower of Brahman, a member of the priestly class

एक (eka) - a single (jīva) (one, single)

(adjective)

masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique

Note: Qualifies 'jīva'.

जीव (jīva) - individual soul (jīva) (living being, individual soul)

(noun)

masculine, singular of jīva

jīva - living, life, living being, individual soul (jīva)

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Part of a compound 'eka-jīva-icchayā'.

इच्छया (icchayā) - by the will (of a single jīva) (by will, by desire)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of icchā

icchā - wish, desire, will

Derived from root 'iṣ' (to wish, desire).

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Forms part of the compound `eka-jīva-icchayā`.

अखिलाः (akhilāḥ) - all (the jīvas) (all, entire)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of akhila

akhila - whole, entire, all, complete

From 'a' (not) + 'khila' (waste land, gap), hence 'without a gap', complete.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (a+khila)

• a – not, non, un
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• khila – gap, break, waste land, deficiency
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'jagat jīvāḥ'.

जगत् (jagat) - of the world (world)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - moving, living, the world, the universe

present active participle

From root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'jīvāḥ' as part of a compound or adjectival phrase.

जीवाः (jīvāḥ) - the individual souls (jīvas) of the world (individual souls, living beings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jīva

jīva - living, life, living being, individual soul (jīva)

From root 'jīv' (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb 'na yujyante'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'yujyante'.

युज्यन्ते (yujyante) - they are united (they are joined, they are united, they are connected)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle/passive, present (laṭ) of yuj

Present tense, Middle voice (Ātmanepada)

From root 'yuj' (to join).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: The passive voice is implied by the Ātmanepada ending for intransitive verbs or passive constructions.

महा (mahā) - great

(adjective)

masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, powerful, noble

Note: Part of the compound 'mahā-jīva-ekatā-vaśāt'.

जीव (jīva) - Soul, referring to the Supreme Soul (living being, soul)

(noun)

masculine, singular of jīva

jīva - living, life, living being, individual soul (jīva)

From root 'jīv' (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Part of the compound 'mahā-jīva-ekatā-vaśāt'.

एकता (ekatā) - oneness (oneness, unity)

(noun)

feminine, singular of ekatā

ekatā - oneness, unity, identity

Derived from 'eka' (one) + 'tā' (suffix for abstract nouns).

Note: Part of the compound 'mahā-jīva-ekatā-vaśāt'.

वशात् (vaśāt) - due to (the oneness) (due to, by reason of, by virtue of)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, power, control, subjection

Root: vaś (class 2)

Note: Used as an indeclinable to express cause, 'due to'.