मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-69, verse-22
सस्मार तां सुचार्वङ्गीमहर्निशमनिर्वृतः ।
चकार च निजं राज्यं प्रजाधर्मेण पालयन् ॥२२॥
चकार च निजं राज्यं प्रजाधर्मेण पालयन् ॥२२॥
22. sasmāra tāṃ sucārvaṅgīmaharniśamanirvṛtaḥ .
cakāra ca nijaṃ rājyaṃ prajādharmeṇa pālayan.
cakāra ca nijaṃ rājyaṃ prajādharmeṇa pālayan.
22.
sasmāra tām sucārvaṅgīm aharniśam anirvṛtaḥ
cakāra ca nijam rājyam prajādharmeṇa pālayan
cakāra ca nijam rājyam prajādharmeṇa pālayan
22.
Restless, he remembered that beautiful-limbed woman day and night. And he governed his own kingdom, protecting his subjects according to the natural law (dharma) governing the people.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सस्मार (sasmāra) - he remembered, he recollected
- ताम् (tām) - her, that (feminine)
- सुचार्वङ्गीम् (sucārvaṅgīm) - one with beautiful limbs
- अहर्निशम् (aharniśam) - day and night, constantly
- अनिर्वृतः (anirvṛtaḥ) - uneasy, restless, discontented
- चकार (cakāra) - he did, he made, he performed
- च (ca) - and, also
- निजम् (nijam) - his own, one's own
- राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, realm, dominion
- प्रजाधर्मेण (prajādharmeṇa) - by the principles of good governance (dharma) for his people (by the constitution/natural law/duty of the subjects/people)
- पालयन् (pālayan) - protecting, guarding, ruling
Words meanings and morphology
सस्मार (sasmāra) - he remembered, he recollected
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of smṛ
Reduplicated Perfect (Lit)
Formed from root smṛ (Class 1) in the third person singular active voice.
Prefix: sam
Root: smṛ (class 1)
ताम् (tām) - her, that (feminine)
(pronoun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of tad
tad - that, she, it
सुचार्वङ्गीम् (sucārvaṅgīm) - one with beautiful limbs
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of sucārvaṅgī
sucārvaṅgī - one with beautiful limbs, beautiful-bodied woman
Formed from su (good) + cāru (beautiful) + aṅga (limb) + ī (feminine suffix).
Compound type : Bahuvrihi (su+cāru+aṅga)
- su – good, well, excellent
indeclinable - cāru – beautiful, lovely, pleasing
adjective - aṅga – limb, body part
noun (neuter)
Note: Refers to the woman previously mentioned.
अहर्निशम् (aharniśam) - day and night, constantly
(indeclinable)
Compound adverb.
Compound type : Dvandva (ahan+niśā)
- ahan – day
noun (neuter) - niśā – night
noun (feminine)
Note: Functions as an adverb.
अनिर्वृतः (anirvṛtaḥ) - uneasy, restless, discontented
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of anirvṛta
anirvṛta - uneasy, restless, discontented, not happy
Formed with negative prefix a- and nirvṛta (satisfied, happy).
Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nirvṛta)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable
Negative prefix - nirvṛta – satisfied, happy, tranquil
adjective
Past Passive Participle
From nir- (out) + vṛt (to turn, exist)
Prefix: nir
Root: vṛt (class 1)
Note: Qualifies the implied subject (the king).
चकार (cakāra) - he did, he made, he performed
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of kṛ
Reduplicated Perfect (Lit)
Formed from root kṛ (Class 8) in the third person singular active voice.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
निजम् (nijam) - his own, one's own
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of nija
nija - own, proper, inherent
Note: Qualifies rājyam.
राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, realm, dominion
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya
rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty
From rājan (king).
Note: Object of cakāra (he made his kingdom, in the sense of establishing/ruling it). In conjunction with pālayan, it's more 'he ruled his kingdom'.
प्रजाधर्मेण (prajādharmeṇa) - by the principles of good governance (dharma) for his people (by the constitution/natural law/duty of the subjects/people)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of prajādharma
prajādharma - the law/duty/constitution (dharma) of the subjects/people
Compound of prajā (subjects, people) and dharma (law, duty, nature).
Compound type : Tatpurusha (prajā+dharma)
- prajā – progeny, subjects, people
noun (feminine) - dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Indicates the means or manner of ruling.
पालयन् (pālayan) - protecting, guarding, ruling
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pālayat
pālayat - protecting, ruling
Present Active Participle
Causative stem of pā (to protect), then śatṛ suffix.
Root: pā (class 1)
Note: Qualifies the implied subject (the king).