महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-15, verse-2

कथमासंश्च मे पुत्रा हीना भीष्मेण संजय ।
बलिना देवकल्पेन गुर्वर्थे ब्रह्मचारिणा ॥२॥

2. kathamāsaṁśca me putrā hīnā bhīṣmeṇa saṁjaya ,
balinā devakalpena gurvarthe brahmacāriṇā.

2. katham āsan ca me putrāḥ hīnāḥ bhīṣmeṇa saṃjaya
balinā devakalpena gurvarthe brahmacāriṇā

2. saṃjaya katham me putrāḥ (tādṛśena) balinā devakalpena
gurvarthe brahmacāriṇā bhīṣmeṇa hīnāḥ (santāḥ) āsan ca

2. O Sanjaya, how did my sons cope, deprived of Bhishma — that powerful, god-like man who observed lifelong celibacy (brahmacārin) for the sake of his guru (guru)?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• आसन् (āsan) - they were, they existed, they became

• च (ca) - and, also

• मे (me) - my, to me

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

• हीनाः (hīnāḥ) - deprived of, devoid of, left without

• भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhishma

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

• बलिना (balinā) - by the powerful one, by the strong one

• देवकल्पेन (devakalpena) - by the god-like one, by the one resembling a deity

• गुर्वर्थे (gurvarthe) - for the sake of the guru

• ब्रह्मचारिणा (brahmacāriṇā) - by the celibate one, by the religious student

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

आसन् (āsan) - they were, they existed, they became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - my, to me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form of the first person pronoun 'asmad'.

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

हीनाः (hīnāḥ) - deprived of, devoid of, left without

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hīna

hīna - deprived, left, deficient, low, inferior

Past Passive Participle

Root: hā (class 3)

भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhishma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name), terrible, formidable, awful

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name), victory, triumphant

बलिना (balinā) - by the powerful one, by the strong one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of balin

balin - powerful, strong, mighty

देवकल्पेन (devakalpena) - by the god-like one, by the one resembling a deity

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of devakalpa

devakalpa - god-like, resembling a deity

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (deva+kalpa)

• deva – god, deity, divine being
  noun (masculine)
• kalpa – like, resembling, similar to (suffix)
  indeclinable

गुर्वर्थे (gurvarthe) - for the sake of the guru

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of gurvartha

gurvartha - for the sake of the guru, purpose of the guru

Compound type : Ṣaṣṭhī Tatpuruṣa (guru+artha)

• guru – spiritual teacher, preceptor, respected person
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, aim, object, sake, meaning
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative case used to express 'for the sake of'.

ब्रह्मचारिणा (brahmacāriṇā) - by the celibate one, by the religious student

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of brahmacārin

brahmacārin - one who observes celibacy (brahmacarya), a religious student, a celibate

Compound type : Upapada Tatpuruṣa (brahman+cārin)

• brahman – Veda, sacred knowledge, ultimate reality (brahman), priest (brāhmaṇa)
  noun (neuter)
• cārin – moving, acting, observing, practicing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective from 'car'
  From root 'car' with suffix '-in'
  Root: car (class 1)