महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-15, verse-58

यदादित्यमिवापश्यत्पतितं भुवि संजय ।
दुर्योधनः शांतनवं किं तदा प्रत्यपद्यत ॥५८॥

58. yadādityamivāpaśyatpatitaṁ bhuvi saṁjaya ,
duryodhanaḥ śāṁtanavaṁ kiṁ tadā pratyapadyata.

58. yadā ādityam iva apaśyat patitam bhuvi saṃjaya
duryodhanaḥ śāntanavam kim tadā pratyapadyata

58. sanjaya yadā duryodhanaḥ śāntanavam bhuvi ādityam
iva patitam apaśyat tadā kim pratyapadyata

58. Sanjaya, when Duryodhana saw Bhishma, the son of Shantanu, fallen on the earth like the sun, what did he do then?

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when

• आदित्यम् (ādityam) - the sun, a son of Aditi

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw, he perceived

• पतितम् (patitam) - fallen, descended, dropped

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the earth, in the world

• संजय (saṁjaya) - The charioteer and narrator to Dhritarashtra. (Sanjaya)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - The eldest Kaurava prince. (Duryodhana)

• शान्तनवम् (śāntanavam) - Bhishma, as the son of King Shantanu. (son of Shantanu, Bhishma)

• किम् (kim) - what? (what? why? whether)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• प्रत्यपद्यत (pratyapadyata) - what did he do? (he did, he responded, he realized, he obtained)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

आदित्यम् (ādityam) - the sun, a son of Aditi

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - the sun, a son of Aditi, a god

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw, he perceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of paś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पतितम् (patitam) - fallen, descended, dropped

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, descended, degraded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root pat (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the earth, in the world

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, place, world, being, existence

संजय (saṁjaya) - The charioteer and narrator to Dhritarashtra. (Sanjaya)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer); victory, conquest

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - The eldest Kaurava prince. (Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince); difficult to conquer

शान्तनवम् (śāntanavam) - Bhishma, as the son of King Shantanu. (son of Shantanu, Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - son of Shantanu, Bhishma

Derived from Śantanu (father's name) + a (patronymic suffix).

किम् (kim) - what? (what? why? whether)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what? which? why? whether

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

प्रत्यपद्यत (pratyapadyata) - what did he do? (he did, he responded, he realized, he obtained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of pratyapad

Prefixes: prati+apa

Root: pad (class 4)