महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-15, verse-5

के तं यान्तमनुप्रेयुः के चास्यासन्पुरोगमाः ।
केऽतिष्ठन्के न्यवर्तन्त केऽभ्यवर्तन्त संजय ॥५॥

5. ke taṁ yāntamanupreyuḥ ke cāsyāsanpurogamāḥ ,
ke'tiṣṭhanke nyavartanta ke'bhyavartanta saṁjaya.

5. ke tam yāntam anupreyuḥ ke ca asya āsan purogamāḥ
ke atiṣṭhan ke nyavartanta ke abhyavartanta saṃjaya

5. saṃjaya,
ke tam yāntam anupreyuḥ? ca ke asya purogamāḥ āsan? ke atiṣṭhan? ke nyavartanta? ke abhyavartanta?

5. Who followed him as he advanced, and who went before him? Who stood firm, who turned back, and who surged forward, O Sañjaya?

Words meanings summery:

• के (ke) - who (who (plural))

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to the hero from the previous verse) (him, that)

• यान्तम् (yāntam) - as he advanced, as he went (going, moving)

• अनुप्रेयुः (anupreyuḥ) - followed (followed after, pursued)

• के (ke) - who (who (plural))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अस्य (asya) - his (his, of him)

• आसन् (āsan) - were (they were)

• पुरोगमाः (purogamāḥ) - vanguard, leaders (going before, leaders, vanguard)

• के (ke) - who (who (plural))

• अतिष्ठन् (atiṣṭhan) - stood firm (they stood, remained firm)

• के (ke) - who (who (plural))

• न्यवर्तन्त (nyavartanta) - retreated (they turned back, retreated)

• के (ke) - who (who (plural))

• अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - surged forward, attacked (they turned towards, attacked, surged forward)

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sanjaya)

Words meanings and morphology

के (ke) - who (who (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

तम् (tam) - him (referring to the hero from the previous verse) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

यान्तम् (yāntam) - as he advanced, as he went (going, moving)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yāt

yāt - going, moving

Present Active Participle

from √yā 'to go'

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with tam.

अनुप्रेयुः (anupreyuḥ) - followed (followed after, pursued)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of anupre

Perfect tense of anu-pra-√i

Prefixes: anu+pra

Root: i (class 2)

के (ke) - who (who (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - his (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

आसन् (āsan) - were (they were)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

root √as in imperfect

Root: as (class 2)

पुरोगमाः (purogamāḥ) - vanguard, leaders (going before, leaders, vanguard)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of purogama

purogama - going before, preceding, leader, vanguard

from puras (before) + √gam (to go)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puras+gama)

• puras – before, in front
  indeclinable
• gama – going, moving
  noun (masculine)
  from √gam 'to go'
  Root: gam (class 1)

के (ke) - who (who (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

अतिष्ठन् (atiṣṭhan) - stood firm (they stood, remained firm)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of sthā

root √sthā in imperfect, with augment a

Root: sthā (class 1)

के (ke) - who (who (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

न्यवर्तन्त (nyavartanta) - retreated (they turned back, retreated)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of nivart

from ni-√vṛt, imperfect tense

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: This is a middle voice form. 'ni' is the prefix, 'a' is the augment for imperfect.

के (ke) - who (who (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - surged forward, attacked (they turned towards, attacked, surged forward)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of abhyavart

from abhi-ava-√vṛt, imperfect tense

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: This is a middle voice form. 'abhi' and 'ava' are prefixes, 'a' is the augment for imperfect.

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sanjaya)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name)