महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-15, verse-18

कृपे संनिहिते तत्र भरद्वाजात्मजे तथा ।
भीष्मः प्रहरतां श्रेष्ठः कथं स निधनं गतः ॥१८॥

18. kṛpe saṁnihite tatra bharadvājātmaje tathā ,
bhīṣmaḥ praharatāṁ śreṣṭhaḥ kathaṁ sa nidhanaṁ gataḥ.

18. kṛpe saṃnihite tatra bharadvājātmaje tathā bhīṣmaḥ
praharatām śreṣṭhaḥ katham saḥ nidhanam gataḥ

18. tatra kṛpe bharadvājātmaje tathā saṃnihite praharatām
śreṣṭhaḥ saḥ bhīṣmaḥ nidhanam katham gataḥ

18. How did Bhīṣma, the foremost among warriors, meet his demise there, while Kṛpa and the son of Bharadvāja (Droṇa) were present?

Words meanings summery:

• कृपे (kṛpe) - in Kṛpa, while Kṛpa was present

• संनिहिते (saṁnihite) - being present, near

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, in that situation

• भरद्वाजात्मजे (bharadvājātmaje) - referring to Droṇa (in the son of Bharadvāja)

• तथा (tathā) - and, likewise, similarly

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma

• प्रहरताम् (praharatām) - of those who strike, of warriors

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, foremost

• कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

• सः (saḥ) - referring to Bhīṣma (he)

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, destruction, demise

• गतः (gataḥ) - met his demise (gone, attained, met)

Words meanings and morphology

कृपे (kṛpe) - in Kṛpa, while Kṛpa was present

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kṛpa (proper name), Kṛpācārya

Note: in sati saptamī construction

संनिहिते (saṁnihite) - being present, near

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃnihita

saṁnihita - placed near, present, at hand

Past Passive Participle

saṃ + ni + root dhā + kta

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: agrees with kṛpe and bharadvājātmaje in sati saptamī construction

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, in that situation

(indeclinable)

भरद्वाजात्मजे (bharadvājātmaje) - referring to Droṇa (in the son of Bharadvāja)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bharadvājātmaja

bharadvājātmaja - son of Bharadvāja (Droṇa)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharadvāja+ātmaja)

• bharadvāja – Bharadvāja (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmaja – son, born from oneself
  noun (masculine)
  from ātman + jan + ḍa
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: refers to Droṇa; in sati saptamī construction

तथा (tathā) - and, likewise, similarly

(indeclinable)

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (proper name)

प्रहरताम् (praharatām) - of those who strike, of warriors

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of praharat

praharat - one who strikes, warrior

present active participle

pra + root hṛ + śatṛ

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: used as a noun for 'warriors'

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, foremost

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, chief, foremost

superlative of praśasya (excellent)

Note: agrees with bhīṣmaḥ

कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - referring to Bhīṣma (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: refers to Bhīṣma

निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, destruction, demise

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, destruction, demise

from ni + dhā + ana

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

गतः (gataḥ) - met his demise (gone, attained, met)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, obtained, attained

Past Passive Participle

root gam + kta

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: used here as a finite verb with 'saḥ' and 'nidhanam'