महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-15, verse-10

अत्यन्यान्पुरुषव्याघ्रान्ह्रीमन्तमपराजितम् ।
पातयामास कौन्तेयः कथं तमजितं युधि ॥१०॥

10. atyanyānpuruṣavyāghrānhrīmantamaparājitam ,
pātayāmāsa kaunteyaḥ kathaṁ tamajitaṁ yudhi.

10. ati anyān puruṣavyāghrān hrīmantam aparājitam
pātayāmāsa kaunteyaḥ katham tam ajitam yudhi

10. katham kaunteyaḥ yudhi tam ajitam pātayāmāsa (yaḥ) ati anyān puruṣavyāghrān (āsīt),
hrīmantam aparājitam (ca)

10. How did the son of Kuntī (Arjuna) strike down in battle that unconquered one – who was glorious and undefeated, and who surpassed other great warriors?

Words meanings summery:

• अति (ati) - beyond, exceeding, surpassing, excessively

• अन्यान् (anyān) - other warriors/heroes (others, other ones)

• पुरुषव्याघ्रान् (puruṣavyāghrān) - other great warriors (tiger among men, pre-eminent men, great warriors)

• ह्रीमन्तम् (hrīmantam) - glorious, illustrious (referring to a distinguished warrior) (glorious, modest, possessing dignity/shame)

• अपराजितम् (aparājitam) - unconquered, undefeated, invincible

• पातयामास (pātayāmāsa) - he made fall, he struck down

• कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Kuntī (Arjuna))

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• तम् (tam) - referring to Bhīṣma (him, that)

• अजितम् (ajitam) - unconquered, invincible, unsubdued

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in fight

Words meanings and morphology

अति (ati) - beyond, exceeding, surpassing, excessively

(indeclinable)

Note: Qualifies the extent of Bhīṣma's prowess compared to others.

अन्यान् (anyān) - other warriors/heroes (others, other ones)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another

Indefinite pronoun.

Note: Object of comparison for 'ati'.

पुरुषव्याघ्रान् (puruṣavyāghrān) - other great warriors (tiger among men, pre-eminent men, great warriors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, excellent man, great warrior

Compound (upamita-samāsa).

Compound type : upamita-samāsa (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger, best of its kind
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'anyān'.

ह्रीमन्तम् (hrīmantam) - glorious, illustrious (referring to a distinguished warrior) (glorious, modest, possessing dignity/shame)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hrīmant

hrīmant - modest, glorious, respectable, honorable, possessing shame/dignity

From 'hrī' (modesty, shame, glory) + 'matup' suffix.

Note: Modifies Bhīṣma (implied 'tam').

अपराजितम् (aparājitam) - unconquered, undefeated, invincible

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aparājita

aparājita - unconquered, undefeated, invincible

Past Passive Participle

'a' (not) + 'parā' (away) + √ji (to conquer) + kta (participle suffix).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+parājita)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• parājita – conquered, defeated
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'parā' + √ji (to conquer) with kta suffix.
  Prefix: parā
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Modifies Bhīṣma (implied 'tam').

पातयामास (pātayāmāsa) - he made fall, he struck down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of pat

Perfect Tense

Periphrastic perfect 3rd singular active of the causal verb 'pātayati' (to cause to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: The agent is 'kaunteyaḥ'.

कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Kuntī (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kuntī (e.g., Arjuna, Bhīma, Yudhiṣṭhira)

Patronymic from 'Kuntī'. In Mahābhārata context, often refers to Arjuna.

Note: Subject of 'pātayāmāsa'.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

Note: Introduces the main question.

तम् (tam) - referring to Bhīṣma (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'pātayāmāsa'.

अजितम् (ajitam) - unconquered, invincible, unsubdued

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ajita

ajita - unconquered, invincible, unsubdued, eternal (as epithet of Viṣṇu)

Past Passive Participle

'a' (not) + √ji (to conquer) + kta (participle suffix).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jita)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• jita – conquered, won, subdued
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √ji (to conquer) with kta suffix.
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Modifies Bhīṣma (implied 'tam').

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in fight

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, war, fight

From root √yudh (to fight), acting as a feminine noun.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Denotes the place/sphere of action.