महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-15, verse-43

जामदग्न्यः पुरा रामः सर्वास्त्रविदनुत्तमः ।
अम्बार्थमुद्यतः संख्ये भीष्मेण युधि निर्जितः ॥४३॥

43. jāmadagnyaḥ purā rāmaḥ sarvāstravidanuttamaḥ ,
ambārthamudyataḥ saṁkhye bhīṣmeṇa yudhi nirjitaḥ.

43. jāmadagnyaḥ purā rāmaḥ sarva-astra-vit anuttamaḥ
ambā-artham udyataḥ saṃkhye bhīṣmeṇa yudhi nirjitaḥ

43. purā sarva-astra-vit anuttamaḥ jāmadagnyaḥ rāmaḥ,
ambā-artham udyataḥ,
saṃkhye yudhi bhīṣmeṇa nirjitaḥ

43. Formerly, Parashurama, the son of Jamadagni, who was an unsurpassed expert in all weapons, was defeated by Bhishma in battle when he was engaged (in combat) for the sake of Amba.

Words meanings summery:

• जामदग्न्यः (jāmadagnyaḥ) - Parashurama (son of Jamadagni) (descendant of Jamadagni, Parashurama)

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, before

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Parashurama (Rama (proper name))

• सर्व-अस्त्र-वित् (sarva-astra-vit) - knowing all weapons, expert in all weapons

• अनुत्तमः (anuttamaḥ) - unsurpassed, excellent, best

• अम्बा-अर्थम् (ambā-artham) - for the sake of Amba, on account of Amba

• उद्यतः (udyataḥ) - prepared, ready, engaged, risen

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle, in combat, in enumeration

• भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhishma

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in fight

• निर्जितः (nirjitaḥ) - defeated, conquered, vanquished

Words meanings and morphology

जामदग्न्यः (jāmadagnyaḥ) - Parashurama (son of Jamadagni) (descendant of Jamadagni, Parashurama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāmadagnya

jāmadagnya - descendant of Jamadagni, Parashurama

patronymic from Jamadagni

Note: Subject of the sentence (along with Rāmaḥ).

पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, before

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Parashurama (Rama (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama

Note: Subject of the sentence (along with Jāmadagnyaḥ).

सर्व-अस्त्र-वित् (sarva-astra-vit) - knowing all weapons, expert in all weapons

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarva-astra-vid

sarva-astra-vid - knowing all weapons, expert in all weapons

compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+astra+vid)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
  from √as
  Root: as (class 4)
• vid – knowing, knower, expert
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun (from √vid)
  from √vid
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Rāmaḥ.

अनुत्तमः (anuttamaḥ) - unsurpassed, excellent, best

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuttama

anuttama - unsurpassed, excellent, best

a (negation) + uttara + -tama (superlative)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+uttama)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• uttama – highest, best, excellent, ultimate
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of ud
  Prefix: ud

Note: Qualifies Rāmaḥ.

अम्बा-अर्थम् (ambā-artham) - for the sake of Amba, on account of Amba

(indeclinable)

compound used as an adverb

Compound type : tatpurusha (ambā+artha)

• ambā – Amba (proper name), mother
  proper noun (feminine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, sake, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

उद्यतः (udyataḥ) - prepared, ready, engaged, risen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udyata

udyata - prepared, ready, engaged, risen

Past Passive Participle

from ud- + √yam

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Rāmaḥ, implying 'when he was engaged'.

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle, in combat, in enumeration

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkhya

saṁkhya - battle, combat, enumeration, number

from sam- + √khyā

Prefix: sam

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Indicates place/circumstance.

भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhishma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name), terrible, formidable

from √bhī

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Agent of the passive verb nirjitaḥ.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in fight

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

from √yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Indicates place/circumstance. Synonymous with saṃkhye here.

निर्जितः (nirjitaḥ) - defeated, conquered, vanquished

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirjita

nirjita - defeated, conquered, vanquished

Past Passive Participle

from nir- + √ji

Prefix: nis

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective, implicitly 'was defeated'. Agrees with Rāmaḥ.