महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-15, verse-8

ग्रसमानमनीकानि य एनं पर्यवारयन् ।
कृतिनं तं दुराधर्षं सम्यग्यास्यन्तमन्तिके ।
कथं शांतनवं युद्धे पाण्डवाः प्रत्यवारयन् ॥८॥

8. grasamānamanīkāni ya enaṁ paryavārayan ,
kṛtinaṁ taṁ durādharṣaṁ samyagyāsyantamantike ,
kathaṁ śāṁtanavaṁ yuddhe pāṇḍavāḥ pratyavārayan.

8. grasamanam anīkāni ya enam paryavārayan
kṛtinam tam durādharṣam
samyak yāsyantam antike katham
śāntanavam yuddhe pāṇḍavāḥ pratyavārayan

8. katham pāṇḍavāḥ yuddhe śāntanavam
pratyavārayan yaḥ enam paryavārayan
anīkāni grasamānam tam kṛtinam
durādharṣam samyak antike yāsyantam

8. How did the Pāṇḍavas, in battle, repel that son of Śāntanu (Bhīṣma) – that skillful and irresistible warrior, who was consuming the armies that had encircled him, and was fully advancing towards them?

Words meanings summery:

• ग्रसमनम् (grasamanam) - devouring, consuming, seizing

• अनीकानि (anīkāni) - armies, troops

• य (ya) - referring to Bhīṣma (who, which)

• एनम् (enam) - referring to Bhīṣma (him, this one)

• पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they (the opposing armies) surrounded him (Bhīṣma) (they surrounded, they encircled)

• कृतिनम् (kṛtinam) - referring to Bhīṣma as an accomplished warrior (skillful, capable, successful, accomplished)

• तम् (tam) - referring to Bhīṣma (him, that)

• दुराधर्षम् (durādharṣam) - difficult to assail, irresistible, invincible

• सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, thoroughly, completely, correctly

• यास्यन्तम् (yāsyantam) - advancing, proceeding (going, about to go, who will go)

• अन्तिके (antike) - near, in proximity, to the presence of

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• शान्तनवम् (śāntanavam) - refers to Bhīṣma (son of Śāntanu (Bhīṣma))

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

• प्रत्यवारयन् (pratyavārayan) - they repelled, they resisted

Words meanings and morphology

ग्रसमनम् (grasamanam) - devouring, consuming, seizing

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gras

gras - to swallow, devour, consume

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √gras (class 1 bhvādi) with śānac suffix.

Root: gras (class 1)

Note: Modifies Bhīṣma (implied 'tam' or 'śāntanavam').

अनीकानि (anīkāni) - armies, troops

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of anīka

anīka - army, host, front

Note: Direct object of 'grasamanam' and 'paryavārayan'.

य (ya) - referring to Bhīṣma (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'grasamanam' (who was devouring).

एनम् (enam) - referring to Bhīṣma (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that (demonstrative pronoun)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'paryavārayan'.

पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they (the opposing armies) surrounded him (Bhīṣma) (they surrounded, they encircled)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛ

Imperfect

Imperfect 3rd plural active. Causal stem 'vāraya-'. Prefixes 'pari' and 'ava'.

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: The subject is implied, 'they' (the armies or warriors).

कृतिनम् (kṛtinam) - referring to Bhīṣma as an accomplished warrior (skillful, capable, successful, accomplished)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛtin

kṛtin - skillful, clever, accomplished, blessed, fortunate

From 'kṛti' (action, skill) + 'in' suffix.

Note: Modifies Bhīṣma (implied 'tam').

तम् (tam) - referring to Bhīṣma (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'pratyavārayan'.

दुराधर्षम् (durādharṣam) - difficult to assail, irresistible, invincible

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durādharṣa

durādharṣa - difficult to assail, unassailable, irresistible, invincible

Compound: 'dur' (difficult) + 'ā' + 'dharṣa' (from √dhṛṣ, to dare, attack).

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (dus+ā+dhṛṣ)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix/indeclinable indicating difficulty or badness.
• ā – towards, near, completely
  upasarga
  Preposition/prefix.
• dhṛṣa – daring, bold, assailing
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛṣ (to dare, attack, assail).
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Modifies Bhīṣma (implied 'tam').

सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, thoroughly, completely, correctly

(indeclinable)

From 'sam' + 'añc' (to bend, go).

Note: Modifies 'yāsyantam'.

यास्यन्तम् (yāsyantam) - advancing, proceeding (going, about to go, who will go)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yā

yā - to go, move, proceed

Future Active Participle

Derived from root √yā (class 2 adādi) with śatṛ suffix, implying future action ('yāsyat').

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Modifies Bhīṣma (implied 'tam').

अन्तिके (antike) - near, in proximity, to the presence of

(indeclinable)

Locative case of 'antika' used adverbially.

Note: Specifies the direction or location of advance.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

Note: Introduces the main question.

शान्तनवम् (śāntanavam) - refers to Bhīṣma (son of Śāntanu (Bhīṣma))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - descendant of Śāntanu, Bhīṣma

Patronymic derived from 'Śāntanu'.

Note: Direct object of 'pratyavārayan'.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

From root √yudh (to fight) + kta (past passive participle) suffix, used as a noun.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Denotes the sphere of action.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

Patronymic from 'Pāṇḍu'.

Note: Subject of 'pratyavārayan'.

प्रत्यवारयन् (pratyavārayan) - they repelled, they resisted

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛ

Imperfect

Imperfect 3rd plural active. Causal stem 'vāraya-'. Prefixes 'prati' and 'ava'.

Prefixes: prati+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)