महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-15, verse-19

कथं चातिरथस्तेन पाञ्चाल्येन शिखण्डिना ।
भीष्मो विनिहतो युद्धे देवैरपि दुरुत्सहः ॥१९॥

19. kathaṁ cātirathastena pāñcālyena śikhaṇḍinā ,
bhīṣmo vinihato yuddhe devairapi durutsahaḥ.

19. katham ca atirathaḥ tena pāñcālyena śikhaṇḍinā
bhīṣmaḥ vinihataḥ yuddhe devaiḥ api durutsahaḥ

19. ca katham atirathaḥ devaiḥ api durutsahaḥ bhīṣmaḥ
tena pāñcālyena śikhaṇḍinā yuddhe vinihataḥ

19. And how was Bhīṣma, who was a mighty warrior (atiratha) and difficult for even the gods to overcome, slain in battle by that Śikhaṇḍī, the Pāñcāla prince?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

• च (ca) - and, also

• अतिरथः (atirathaḥ) - a mighty warrior, a maharathi

• तेन (tena) - referring to Śikhaṇḍī (by him, by that)

• पाञ्चाल्येन (pāñcālyena) - referring to Śikhaṇḍī (by the Pāñcāla prince)

• शिखण्डिना (śikhaṇḍinā) - by Śikhaṇḍī

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma

• विनिहतः (vinihataḥ) - slain, killed

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the gods

• अपि (api) - even, also

• दुरुत्सहः (durutsahaḥ) - difficult to overcome/withstand, irresistible

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अतिरथः (atirathaḥ) - a mighty warrior, a maharathi

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atiratha

atiratha - a mighty warrior, a warrior who can fight with many at once (mahāratha)

Note: agrees with bhīṣmaḥ

तेन (tena) - referring to Śikhaṇḍī (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: refers to Śikhaṇḍī

पाञ्चाल्येन (pāñcālyena) - referring to Śikhaṇḍī (by the Pāñcāla prince)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāñcālya

pāñcālya - a prince of the Pāñcālas, descendant of Pāñcāla

from Pañcāla + ya (patronymic affix)

Note: refers to Śikhaṇḍī

शिखण्डिना (śikhaṇḍinā) - by Śikhaṇḍī

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Śikhaṇḍī (proper name)

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (proper name)

विनिहतः (vinihataḥ) - slain, killed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinihata

vinihata - struck down, killed, slain

Past Passive Participle

vi + ni + root han + kta

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: used as a finite verb with 'bhīṣmaḥ'

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

root yudh + ka (suffix)

Root: yudh (class 4)

देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the gods

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

दुरुत्सहः (durutsahaḥ) - difficult to overcome/withstand, irresistible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durutsaha

durutsaha - difficult to bear, difficult to overcome, irresistible

dur + ut + sah + a

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+utsaha)

• dur – bad, difficult
  indeclinable
• utsaha – power, strength, enthusiasm
  noun (masculine)
  ut + root sah + a
  Prefix: ut
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: agrees with bhīṣmaḥ