महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-15, verse-30

केऽरक्षन्दक्षिणं चक्रं भीष्मस्यामिततेजसः ।
पृष्ठतः के परान्वीरा उपासेधन्यतव्रताः ॥३०॥

30. ke'rakṣandakṣiṇaṁ cakraṁ bhīṣmasyāmitatejasaḥ ,
pṛṣṭhataḥ ke parānvīrā upāsedhanyatavratāḥ.

30. ke arakṣan dakṣiṇam cakram bhīṣmasya amitatejasaḥ
| pṛṣṭhataḥ ke parān vīrāḥ upāsedhan yatavratāḥ

30. ke amitatejasaḥ bhīṣmasya dakṣiṇam cakram arakṣan?
pṛṣṭhataḥ ke yatavratāḥ vīrāḥ parān upāsedhan?

30. Who protected the right flank of Bhishma, who was of immeasurable might? And who were the disciplined heroes who obstructed the enemies from behind?

Words meanings summery:

• के (ke) - who? (who? which?)

• अरक्षन् (arakṣan) - they protected (they protected, they guarded)

• दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - the right (flank) (right, southern, skillful, clever)

• चक्रम् (cakram) - the wheel (of the chariot, implying the flank) (wheel, disc, army division, flank)

• भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - of Bhishma

• अमिततेजसः (amitatejasaḥ) - of immeasurable might (qualifying Bhishma) (of immeasurable brilliance/might/power)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind (from behind, at the back)

• परान् (parān) - the enemies (enemies, others, opponents)

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes (heroes, brave ones)

• उपासेधन् (upāsedhan) - they obstructed (the enemies) (they obstructed, they checked, they restrained)

• यतव्रताः (yatavratāḥ) - heroes of restrained vows (disciplined warriors) (those with restrained vows, disciplined, ascetic)

Words meanings and morphology

के (ke) - who? (who? which?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ka

ka - who, which, what

Note: Subject of `arakṣan` and `upāsedhan`.

अरक्षन् (arakṣan) - they protected (they protected, they guarded)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of rakṣ

Imperfect, Parasmaipada, 3rd person plural

From root `rakṣ`.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - the right (flank) (right, southern, skillful, clever)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dakṣiṇa

dakṣiṇa - right (side), southern, able, skillful

Root: dakṣ (class 1)

चक्रम् (cakram) - the wheel (of the chariot, implying the flank) (wheel, disc, army division, flank)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cakra

cakra - wheel, disc, circle, army division, region

Root: kḷp

Note: Object of `arakṣan`.

भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - of Bhishma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - The terrible one, Bhishma (Grandfather of the Kauravas and Pandavas)

From root `bhīṣ` (to frighten)

Root: bhīṣ

Note: Possessive, indicating whose flank.

अमिततेजसः (amitatejasaḥ) - of immeasurable might (qualifying Bhishma) (of immeasurable brilliance/might/power)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of amitatejas

amitatejas - of immeasurable brilliance, immense power, boundless energy

Compound: `amita` (immeasurable) + `tejas` (splendor, might).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (amita+tejas)

• amita – immeasurable, unlimited
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `mā` (to measure) with prefix `a-` (negation).
  Prefix: a
  Root: mā (class 3)
• tejas – brilliance, might, power, glory
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tij

Note: Qualifies `bhīṣmasya`.

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind (from behind, at the back)

(indeclinable)

Derived from `pṛṣṭha` (back) with `tas` suffix.

परान् (parān) - the enemies (enemies, others, opponents)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, subsequent, hostile, enemy

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes (heroes, brave ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, valiant

Note: Appositive to `ke`.

उपासेधन् (upāsedhan) - they obstructed (the enemies) (they obstructed, they checked, they restrained)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of sidh

Imperfect, Parasmaipada, 3rd person plural

From root `sidh` (to ward off) with prefix `upa`. Typically from class 4 `sidh` (sedh).

Prefix: upa

Root: sidh (class 4)

यतव्रताः (yatavratāḥ) - heroes of restrained vows (disciplined warriors) (those with restrained vows, disciplined, ascetic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yatavrata

yatavrata - having restrained vows, disciplined, ascetic, self-controlled

Compound: `yata` (restrained, controlled) + `vrata` (vow, religious observance, discipline).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yata+vrata)

• yata – restrained, controlled, guided
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `yam` (to restrain, control).
  Root: yam (class 1)
• vrata – vow, religious observance, discipline, rule
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛ

Note: Qualifies `ke vīrāḥ`.