महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-15, verse-60

दारुणः क्षत्रधर्मोऽयमृषिभिः संप्रदर्शितः ।
यत्र शांतनवं हत्वा राज्यमिच्छन्ति पाण्डवाः ॥६०॥

60. dāruṇaḥ kṣatradharmo'yamṛṣibhiḥ saṁpradarśitaḥ ,
yatra śāṁtanavaṁ hatvā rājyamicchanti pāṇḍavāḥ.

60. dāruṇaḥ kṣatradharmaḥ ayam ṛṣibhiḥ saṃpradarśitaḥ
yatra śāntanavam hatvā rājyam icchanti pāṇḍavāḥ

60. ayam ṛṣibhiḥ saṃpradarśitaḥ dāruṇaḥ kṣatradharmaḥ
yatra pāṇḍavāḥ śāntanavam hatvā rājyam icchanti

60. This intrinsic nature (dharma) of a warrior (kṣatradharma), as taught by the sages, is dreadful, since the Pāṇḍavas desire a kingdom after killing Bhīṣma, the son of Śāntanu.

Words meanings summery:

• दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - dreadful (in the sense of bringing about such actions) (dreadful, terrible, cruel, harsh)

• क्षत्रधर्मः (kṣatradharmaḥ) - the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a warrior, referring to the ethical framework and duties of the kṣatriya class (the intrinsic nature/constitution of a warrior, warrior's duty/law)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to kṣatradharma) (this (masculine singular nominative))

• ऋषिभिः (ṛṣibhiḥ) - by the ancient sages who established the natural laws (dharma) (by sages, by seers)

• संप्रदर्शितः (saṁpradarśitaḥ) - taught or laid out as a principle (demonstrated, shown, revealed, taught)

• यत्र (yatra) - in this context, given that (where, in which, in which case)

• शान्तनवम् (śāntanavam) - Bhīṣma, the venerable patriarch (son of Śāntanu, Bhīṣma)

• हत्वा (hatvā) - after committing the act of killing (having killed, after killing)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - political power, the throne (kingdom, sovereignty, rule)

• इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - they strive to obtain (they desire, wish for, want)

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍava brothers (the sons of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas)

Words meanings and morphology

दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - dreadful (in the sense of bringing about such actions) (dreadful, terrible, cruel, harsh)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - dreadful, terrible, cruel, harsh

क्षत्रधर्मः (kṣatradharmaḥ) - the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a warrior, referring to the ethical framework and duties of the kṣatriya class (the intrinsic nature/constitution of a warrior, warrior's duty/law)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatradharma

kṣatradharma - warrior's constitution/duty/law/intrinsic nature (dharma)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣatra+dharma)

• kṣatra – warrior, member of the warrior class
  noun (neuter)
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to kṣatradharma) (this (masculine singular nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

ऋषिभिः (ṛṣibhiḥ) - by the ancient sages who established the natural laws (dharma) (by sages, by seers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer

संप्रदर्शितः (saṁpradarśitaḥ) - taught or laid out as a principle (demonstrated, shown, revealed, taught)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃpradarśita

saṁpradarśita - demonstrated, shown, revealed, taught

Past Passive Participle

from root dṛś with upasargas sam + pra

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: dṛś (class 1)

यत्र (yatra) - in this context, given that (where, in which, in which case)

(indeclinable)

शान्तनवम् (śāntanavam) - Bhīṣma, the venerable patriarch (son of Śāntanu, Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - son of Śāntanu (i.e., Bhīṣma)

patronymic from Śāntanu

हत्वा (hatvā) - after committing the act of killing (having killed, after killing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

from root han

Root: han (class 2)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - political power, the throne (kingdom, sovereignty, rule)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - they strive to obtain (they desire, wish for, want)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

present active 3rd plural

from root iṣ (class 6)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍava brothers (the sons of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

patronymic from Pāṇḍu