महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-15, verse-11

उग्रधन्वानमुग्रेषुं वर्तमानं रथोत्तमे ।
परेषामुत्तमाङ्गानि प्रचिन्वन्तं शितेषुभिः ॥११॥

11. ugradhanvānamugreṣuṁ vartamānaṁ rathottame ,
pareṣāmuttamāṅgāni pracinvantaṁ śiteṣubhiḥ.

11. ugradhanvānam ugreṣum vartamānam rathottame
pareṣām uttamāṅgāni pracinvantam śiteṣubhiḥ

11. (tam) ugradhanvānam,
ugreṣum,
rathottame vartamānam,
śiteṣubhiḥ pareṣām uttamāṅgāni pracinvantam (śāntanavam)

11. He possessed a formidable bow and formidable arrows, stationed in the best of chariots; he was cutting off the heads of his enemies with sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• उग्रधन्वानम् (ugradhanvānam) - having a formidable bow, a fierce archer

• उग्रेषुम् (ugreṣum) - having formidable arrows

• वर्तमानम् (vartamānam) - situated, stationed (being, existing, acting, present)

• रथोत्तमे (rathottame) - in the best chariot

• परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of the enemies (in battle) (of others, of enemies)

• उत्तमाङ्गानि (uttamāṅgāni) - heads (of enemies) (best limbs, heads)

• प्रचिन्वन्तम् (pracinvantam) - cutting off (heads) (picking up, collecting, gathering, cutting off)

• शितेषुभिः (śiteṣubhiḥ) - with sharp arrows

Words meanings and morphology

उग्रधन्वानम् (ugradhanvānam) - having a formidable bow, a fierce archer

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ugradhanvan

ugradhanvan - having a formidable bow, a fierce archer

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'ugra' (fierce, formidable) + 'dhanvan' (bow).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ugra+dhanus)

• ugra – fierce, formidable, powerful
  adjective (masculine)
• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies Bhīṣma (implied 'tam').

उग्रेषुम् (ugreṣum) - having formidable arrows

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ugreṣu

ugreṣu - having formidable arrows

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'ugra' (fierce, formidable) + 'iṣu' (arrow).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ugra+iṣu)

• ugra – fierce, formidable, powerful
  adjective (masculine)
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies Bhīṣma (implied 'tam').

वर्तमानम् (vartamānam) - situated, stationed (being, existing, acting, present)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛt

vṛt - to be, exist, turn, proceed, happen

Present Middle Participle

From root √vṛt (class 1 bhvādi) with śānac suffix.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Modifies Bhīṣma (implied 'tam').

रथोत्तमे (rathottame) - in the best chariot

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rathottama

rathottama - best of chariots, excellent chariot

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'ratha' (chariot) + 'uttama' (best).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (ratha+uttama)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Denotes the location where Bhīṣma was stationed.

परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of the enemies (in battle) (of others, of enemies)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, hostile, supreme

'para' in plural often means 'enemies'.

Note: Possessive of 'uttamāṅgāni'.

उत्तमाङ्गानि (uttamāṅgāni) - heads (of enemies) (best limbs, heads)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of uttamāṅga

uttamāṅga - best limb, head

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'uttama' (best) + 'aṅga' (limb, body part). Often refers specifically to the head.

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (uttama+aṅga)

• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (neuter)
• aṅga – limb, body, part
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'pracinvantam'.

प्रचिन्वन्तम् (pracinvantam) - cutting off (heads) (picking up, collecting, gathering, cutting off)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ci

ci - to collect, pile up, gather, observe, pick

Present Active Participle

From root √ci (class 5 svādi) with prefix 'pra' and śatṛ suffix. Here, it implies severing.

Prefix: pra

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Modifies Bhīṣma (implied 'tam').

शितेषुभिः (śiteṣubhiḥ) - with sharp arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śiteṣu

śiteṣu - sharp arrow

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'śita' (sharpened, sharp) + 'iṣu' (arrow).

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (śita+iṣu)

• śita – sharp, sharpened, keen
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √śā (to sharpen) with kta suffix.
  Root: śā (class 4)
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Instrument for 'pracinvantam'.