महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-15, verse-29

भीष्मो यदकरोत्कर्म समरे संजयारिहा ।
दुर्योधनहितार्थाय के तदास्य पुरोऽभवन् ॥२९॥

29. bhīṣmo yadakarotkarma samare saṁjayārihā ,
duryodhanahitārthāya ke tadāsya puro'bhavan.

29. bhīṣmaḥ yat akarot karma samare saṃjayārihā
duryodhanahitārthāya ke tadā asya puraḥ abhavan

29. (he) saṃjayārihā,
yadā bhīṣmaḥ duryodhanahitārthāya samare karma akarot,
tadā ke asya puraḥ abhavan?

29. O victorious slayer of foes, who then stood before him (Bhishma) when Bhishma performed that deed (karma) in battle for the welfare of Duryodhana?

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The warrior Bhishma (Bhishma)

• यत् (yat) - that (referring to the action/deed) (which, what, that)

• अकरोत् (akarot) - he performed (he did, he performed, he made)

• कर्म (karma) - deed, action (karma) (action, deed, work, ritual action, fate)

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war, on the battlefield)

• संजयारिहा (saṁjayārihā) - O victorious slayer of foes (a customary address to Dhritarashtra by Sanjaya) (O victorious slayer of foes)

• दुर्योधनहितार्थाय (duryodhanahitārthāya) - for the sake of Duryodhana's welfare (for the sake of Duryodhana's welfare, for Duryodhana's benefit)

• के (ke) - who? (who? which?)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• अस्य (asya) - his (referring to Bhishma) (his, of him, its)

• पुरः (puraḥ) - in front (of him) (in front, before, eastward)

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they stood/were (they were, they became)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The warrior Bhishma (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - The terrible one, Bhishma (Grandfather of the Kauravas and Pandavas)

From root `bhīṣ` (to frighten)

Root: bhīṣ

Note: Subject of `akarot`.

यत् (yat) - that (referring to the action/deed) (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that, because, since

Note: Corresponds to `karma`.

अकरोत् (akarot) - he performed (he did, he performed, he made)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

From root `kṛ`.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Verb for `bhīṣmaḥ`.

कर्म (karma) - deed, action (karma) (action, deed, work, ritual action, fate)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual action, effect of actions (karma)

From root `kṛ` (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war, on the battlefield)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

Root: mṛ (class 10)

संजयारिहा (saṁjayārihā) - O victorious slayer of foes (a customary address to Dhritarashtra by Sanjaya) (O victorious slayer of foes)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjayārihan

saṁjayārihan - victorious slayer of enemies

Compound of `saṃjaya` (victorious) and `arihan` (slayer of enemies).

Compound type : tatpurusha (saṃjaya+arihan)

• saṃjaya – victorious, completely triumphant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `ji` with prefix `sam`.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: ji (class 1)
• arihan – slayer of enemies
  noun (masculine)
  From `ari` (enemy) and root `han` (to kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Epithet addressing Dhritarashtra.

दुर्योधनहितार्थाय (duryodhanahitārthāya) - for the sake of Duryodhana's welfare (for the sake of Duryodhana's welfare, for Duryodhana's benefit)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of duryodhanahitārtha

duryodhanahitārtha - for the sake of Duryodhana's welfare

Compound: `Duryodhana` (proper noun) + `hita` (welfare) + `artha` (sake, purpose).

Compound type : tatpurusha (duryodhana+hita+artha)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (proper noun)
  proper noun (masculine)
• hita – welfare, benefit, good
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of `dhā`, used as a noun.
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• artha – purpose, sake, meaning
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates purpose.

के (ke) - who? (who? which?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ka

ka - who, which, what

Note: Subject of `abhavan`.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun `tad`.

अस्य (asya) - his (referring to Bhishma) (his, of him, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive, referring to Bhishma.

पुरः (puraḥ) - in front (of him) (in front, before, eastward)

(indeclinable)

अभवन् (abhavan) - they stood/were (they were, they became)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect, Parasmaipada, 3rd person plural

From root `bhū`.

Root: bhū (class 1)