महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-15, verse-40

प्रज्ञा परायणं तज्ज्ञं सद्धर्मनिरतं शुचिम् ।
वेदवेदाङ्गतत्त्वज्ञं कथं शंससि मे हतम् ॥४०॥

40. prajñā parāyaṇaṁ tajjñaṁ saddharmanirataṁ śucim ,
vedavedāṅgatattvajñaṁ kathaṁ śaṁsasi me hatam.

40. prajñā parāyaṇam tat-jñam sat-dharma-niratam śucim
veda-vedāṅga-tattva-jñam katham śaṃsasi me hatam

40. katham me prajñā-parāyaṇam tat-jñam sat-dharma-niratam
śucim veda-vedāṅga-tattva-jñam hatam śaṃsasi

40. How can you speak to me of him as slain, one whose ultimate refuge was wisdom, who was adept in its essence, devoted to the true natural law (dharma), pure, and deeply knowledgeable in the essence of the Vedas and Vedangas?

Words meanings summery:

• प्रज्ञा (prajñā) - wisdom, intelligence, understanding

• परायणम् (parāyaṇam) - ultimate refuge, main goal, chief object

• तत्-ज्ञम् (tat-jñam) - knowing that, skilled in that, expert in the essence

• सत्-धर्म-निरतम् (sat-dharma-niratam) - devoted to true natural law (dharma) (devoted to true natural law, engaged in righteousness)

• शुचिम् (śucim) - pure, clean, undefiled

• वेद-वेदाङ्ग-तत्त्व-ज्ञम् (veda-vedāṅga-tattva-jñam) - knowing the essence of the Vedas and Vedangas

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

• शंससि (śaṁsasi) - you speak, you tell, you praise, you report

• मे (me) - to me, for me, by me, my

• हतम् (hatam) - slain, killed, struck, destroyed

Words meanings and morphology

प्रज्ञा (prajñā) - wisdom, intelligence, understanding

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prajñā

prajñā - wisdom, intelligence, understanding

from pra- + √jñā

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

परायणम् (parāyaṇam) - ultimate refuge, main goal, chief object

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parāyaṇa

parāyaṇa - ultimate refuge, main goal, chief object

from para + ayana

Compound type : tatpurusha (para+ayana)

• para – supreme, ultimate, highest, next, other
  adjective
• ayana – going, coming, path, course, refuge
  noun (neuter)
  from √i + -ana
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: In this context, it functions as an adjective describing the slain person (Bhishma).

तत्-ज्ञम् (tat-jñam) - knowing that, skilled in that, expert in the essence

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tat-jña

tat-jña - knowing that, skilled in that, expert

from tat + jña

Compound type : tatpurusha (tad+jña)

• tad – that, it
  pronoun
• jña – knowing, knower, expert
  adjective (masculine)
  from √jñā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to one who knows the essence of prajñā (wisdom) or the true nature of things.

सत्-धर्म-निरतम् (sat-dharma-niratam) - devoted to true natural law (dharma) (devoted to true natural law, engaged in righteousness)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sat-dharma-nirata

sat-dharma-nirata - devoted to true natural law, engaged in righteousness

from sat + dharma + nirata

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sat+dharma+nirata)

• sat – true, good, excellent, existent, real
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  from √as
  Root: as (class 2)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  from √dhṛ
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• nirata – delighting in, devoted to, engaged in, attached to
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from nir- + √ram
  Prefix: nis
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: It is a compound adjective qualifying the implied masculine object.

शुचिम् (śucim) - pure, clean, undefiled

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śuci

śuci - pure, clean, undefiled, bright

Note: It is an adjective qualifying the implied masculine object.

वेद-वेदाङ्ग-तत्त्व-ज्ञम् (veda-vedāṅga-tattva-jñam) - knowing the essence of the Vedas and Vedangas

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of veda-vedāṅga-tattva-jña

veda-vedāṅga-tattva-jña - knowing the essence of the Vedas and Vedangas

compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (veda+vedāṅga+tattva+jña)

• veda – sacred knowledge, Veda (scripture)
  noun (masculine)
  from √vid
  Root: vid (class 2)
• vedāṅga – limb of the Veda, auxiliary Vedic science
  noun (neuter)
  Veda + aṅga
• tattva – reality, truth, essence, principle
  noun (neuter)
  from tad + tva
• jña – knowing, knower, expert
  adjective (masculine)
  from √jñā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: It is a compound adjective qualifying the implied masculine object.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

शंससि (śaṁsasi) - you speak, you tell, you praise, you report

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √śaṃs

present indicative

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Sanjaya by Dhritarashtra.

मे (me) - to me, for me, by me, my

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form of the first person pronoun, functioning as dative 'to me' here.

हतम् (hatam) - slain, killed, struck, destroyed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

from √han

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to Bhishma. It is accusative singular masculine, agreeing with the implied object of śaṃsasi.