महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-15, verse-48

के वीरास्तममित्रघ्नमन्वयुः शत्रुसंसदि ।
शंस मे तद्यथा वृत्तं युद्धं भीष्मस्य पाण्डवैः ॥४८॥

48. ke vīrāstamamitraghnamanvayuḥ śatrusaṁsadi ,
śaṁsa me tadyathā vṛttaṁ yuddhaṁ bhīṣmasya pāṇḍavaiḥ.

48. ke vīrāḥ tam amitraghnam anvayuḥ śatrusaṃsadi śaṃsa
me tat yathāvṛttam yuddham bhīṣmasya pāṇḍavaiḥ

48. ke vīrāḥ tam amitraghnam śatrusaṃsadi anvayuḥ me
tat bhīṣmasya pāṇḍavaiḥ yuddham yathāvṛttam śaṃsa

48. Which heroes followed that vanquisher of foes (amitraghnam) amidst the enemy ranks? Tell me exactly how that battle of Bhishma with the Pandavas transpired.

Words meanings summery:

• के (ke) - who, which

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, warriors

• तम् (tam) - him (Bhishma) (him, that)

• अमित्रघ्नम् (amitraghnam) - the vanquisher of foes (Bhishma) (enemy-slayer, vanquisher of foes)

• अन्वयुः (anvayuḥ) - they followed, went after

• शत्रुसंसदि (śatrusaṁsadi) - in the assembly of enemies, amidst the enemy ranks

• शंस (śaṁsa) - tell, declare

• मे (me) - to me, for me, my

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - as it happened, exactly as it occurred, the full account

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

• भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - of Bhishma

• पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - with the Pandavas, by the Pandavas

Words meanings and morphology

के (ke) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, valiant

तम् (tam) - him (Bhishma) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

अमित्रघ्नम् (amitraghnam) - the vanquisher of foes (Bhishma) (enemy-slayer, vanquisher of foes)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amitraghna

amitraghna - slaying enemies, vanquishing foes

Compound type : tatpurusha (amitra+ghna)

• amitra – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• ghna – slaying, destroying
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (Bhishma).

अन्वयुः (anvayuḥ) - they followed, went after

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of anu-i

Prefix: anu

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Root `i` (to go) with prefix `anu`.

शत्रुसंसदि (śatrusaṁsadi) - in the assembly of enemies, amidst the enemy ranks

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śatrusaṃsad

śatrusaṁsad - assembly of enemies, hostile gathering

Compound type : genitive tatpurusha (śatru+saṃsad)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• saṃsad – assembly, council
  noun (feminine)
  From sam-sad (to sit together)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sad (class 1)

शंस (śaṁsa) - tell, declare

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śaṃs

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

मे (me) - to me, for me, my

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form.

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'the battle'.

यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - as it happened, exactly as it occurred, the full account

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+vṛtta)

• yathā – as, just as, according to
  indeclinable
• vṛtta – happened, occurred, past event
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root vṛt (to be, exist, happen)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Can function as an adjective or adverb. Here it modifies 'yuddham' (battle) and acts as an adverb for 'śaṃsa'.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of 'tell'.

भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - of Bhishma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name), formidable

Note: Possessive, related to 'yuddham'.

पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - with the Pandavas, by the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Taddhita derivation from Pāṇḍu

Note: Indicates association or agency in the battle.