महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-2, verse-58

विघसाशी भवेत्तस्मान्नित्यं चामृतभोजनः ।
विघसं भृत्यशेषं तु यज्ञशेषं तथामृतम् ॥५८॥

58. vighasāśī bhavettasmānnityaṁ cāmṛtabhojanaḥ ,
vighasaṁ bhṛtyaśeṣaṁ tu yajñaśeṣaṁ tathāmṛtam.

58. vighasāśī bhavet tasmāt nityaṃ ca amṛtabhojanaḥ
| vighasam bhṛtyaśeṣam tu yajñaśeṣam tathā amṛtam

58. Therefore, one should always eat only remnants (vighasa) and ambrosial food (amṛta). Remnants (vighasa) are defined as what is left after one's servants have eaten, and ambrosial food (amṛta) is similarly defined as what remains after a Vedic ritual (yajña).

Words meanings summery:

• विघसाशी (vighasāśī) - one who eats remnants

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

• च (ca) - and, also

• अमृतभोजनः (amṛtabhojanaḥ) - one who eats ambrosial food

• विघसम् (vighasam) - remnants of food

• भृत्यशेषम् (bhṛtyaśeṣam) - what remains after servants have eaten

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• यज्ञशेषम् (yajñaśeṣam) - what remains after a sacrifice

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise, thus

• अमृतम् (amṛtam) - nectar, ambrosia

Words meanings and morphology

विघसाशी (vighasāśī) - one who eats remnants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vighasāśin

vighasāśin - one who eats remnants, remnants-eater

From vighasa + āśin

Compound type : tatpurusha (vighasa+āśin)

• vighasa – remnants of food, what is left after others have eaten
  noun (masculine)
  From vi- + ghas (to eat)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ghas (class 1)
• āśin – eater, partaker
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root AS (to eat)
  Root: aś (class 9)

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an indeclinable adverb meaning 'therefore'.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

From ni- + root i (to go) + tya

Prefix: ni

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Adverbial accusative of nitya.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अमृतभोजनः (amṛtabhojanaḥ) - one who eats ambrosial food

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amṛtabhojana

amṛtabhojana - one who eats ambrosia, ambrosia-eater

From amṛta + bhojana

Compound type : tatpurusha (amṛta+bhojana)

• amṛta – immortal, nectar, ambrosia (that which confers immortality)
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (negated)
  From a- (negation) + mṛta (dead). Root MṚ (to die).
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• bhojana – eating, food, meal
  noun (neuter)
  Agent noun or action noun
  From root BHUJ (to eat, to enjoy)
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

विघसम् (vighasam) - remnants of food

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vighasa

vighasa - remnants of food, what is left after others have eaten

From vi- + ghas (to eat)

Prefix: vi

Root: ghas (class 1)

भृत्यशेषम् (bhṛtyaśeṣam) - what remains after servants have eaten

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhṛtyaśeṣa

bhṛtyaśeṣa - remains of food eaten by servants, what is left by servants

From bhṛtya + śeṣa

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhṛtya+śeṣa)

• bhṛtya – servant, dependent, maintained
  noun (masculine)
  Gerundive / Future Passive Participle
  From root BHṚ (to bear, support, maintain)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• śeṣa – remainder, residue, what is left
  noun (masculine)
  From root ŚIṢ (to leave, remain)
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

यज्ञशेषम् (yajñaśeṣam) - what remains after a sacrifice

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yajñaśeṣa

yajñaśeṣa - remnants of a sacrifice

From yajña + śeṣa

Compound type : tatpurusha (yajña+śeṣa)

• yajña – sacrifice, ritual, worship
  noun (masculine)
  From root YAJ (to worship, sacrifice)
  Root: yaj (class 1)
• śeṣa – remainder, residue, what is left
  noun (masculine)
  From root ŚIṢ (to leave, remain)
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise, thus

(indeclinable)

From tad + thā-pratyaya

अमृतम् (amṛtam) - nectar, ambrosia

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of amṛta

amṛta - immortal, nectar, ambrosia (that which confers immortality)

Past Passive Participle (negated)

From a- (negation) + mṛta (dead). Root MṚ (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Refers to the food, hence neuter accusative.