महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-2, verse-41

कार्पण्यं दर्पमानौ च भयमुद्वेग एव च ।
अर्थजानि विदुः प्राज्ञा दुःखान्येतानि देहिनाम् ॥४१॥

41. kārpaṇyaṁ darpamānau ca bhayamudvega eva ca ,
arthajāni viduḥ prājñā duḥkhānyetāni dehinām.

41. kārpaṇyam darpamānau ca bhayam udvegaḥ eva ca
arthajāni viduḥ prājñāḥ duḥkhāni etāni dehinām

41. The wise (prājña) know that miserliness, pride, arrogance, fear, and anxiety — these sufferings — are all born of wealth (artha) for embodied beings.

Words meanings summery:

• कार्पण्यम् (kārpaṇyam) - miserliness (miserliness, meanness, wretchedness)

• दर्पमानौ (darpamānau) - pride and arrogance (dual)

• च (ca) - and

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, danger

• उद्वेगः (udvegaḥ) - anxiety, agitation, distress

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• च (ca) - and

• अर्थजानि (arthajāni) - born of wealth, caused by wealth

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

• प्राज्ञाः (prājñāḥ) - the wise, intelligent people

• दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - sufferings, miseries, sorrows

• एतानि (etāni) - these

• देहिनाम् (dehinām) - for embodied beings, of embodied beings, for living creatures

Words meanings and morphology

कार्पण्यम् (kārpaṇyam) - miserliness (miserliness, meanness, wretchedness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārpaṇya

kārpaṇya - miserliness, meanness, wretchedness, poverty

Derived from `kṛpaṇa` (miserly, poor).

Root: kṛp

दर्पमानौ (darpamānau) - pride and arrogance (dual)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of darpamāna

darpamāna - pride and arrogance (collectively as a dvandva compound)

Compound type : dvandva (darpa+māna)

• darpa – pride, arrogance, haughtiness
  noun (masculine)
  From the root `dṛp` (to be proud, to boast).
  Root: dṛp (class 4)
• māna – pride, honor, self-respect, arrogance
  noun (masculine)
  From the root `man` (to think, to suppose). Here referring to excessive self-esteem.
  Root: man (class 4)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, danger

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, danger

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: One of the listed miseries.

उद्वेगः (udvegaḥ) - anxiety, agitation, distress

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udvega

udvega - anxiety, agitation, distress, alarm

From the root `vij` (to tremble, be agitated) with the prefix `ud-` (up, out).

Prefix: ud

Root: vij (class 6)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अर्थजानि (arthajāni) - born of wealth, caused by wealth

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of arthaja

arthaja - born from wealth, caused by wealth

Compound: `artha` (wealth) + `ja` (born from). `ja` is an agent noun from root `jan` (to be born).

Compound type : tatpurusha (artha+ja)

• artha – wealth, object, purpose
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from the root `jan` (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `duḥkhāni`.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (perfect used for present) (lit) of vid

3rd person plural, perfect tense, with present meaning.

Root: vid (class 2)

प्राज्ञाः (prājñāḥ) - the wise, intelligent people

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prājña

prājña - wise, discerning, intelligent, learned person

Possessing (pra-) knowledge (jñā).

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject of `viduḥ`.

दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - sufferings, miseries, sorrows

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

Note: Object of `viduḥ`.

एतानि (etāni) - these

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Agrees with `duḥkhāni`.

देहिनाम् (dehinām) - for embodied beings, of embodied beings, for living creatures

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dehin

dehin - embodied being, living creature, soul, spirit

Derived with the suffix `-in` meaning 'possessing' (deha - body).

Root: dih