महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-2, verse-43

अर्था दुःखं परित्यक्तुं पालिताश्चापि तेऽसुखाः ।
दुःखेन चाधिगम्यन्ते तेषां नाशं न चिन्तयेत् ॥४३॥

43. arthā duḥkhaṁ parityaktuṁ pālitāścāpi te'sukhāḥ ,
duḥkhena cādhigamyante teṣāṁ nāśaṁ na cintayet.

43. arthāḥ duḥkham parityaktuṃ pālitāḥ ca api te asukhāḥ
duḥkhena ca adhigamyante teṣām nāśam na cintayet

43. Wealth is difficult to give up. Even when protected, it brings no happiness. It is acquired with great difficulty, yet one should not worry about its destruction.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - wealth (plural) (wealth (plural), objects, purposes)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - difficult (difficult, suffering, misery)

• परित्यक्तुं (parityaktuṁ) - to abandon (wealth) (to abandon, to renounce, to give up)

• पालिताः (pālitāḥ) - protected (wealth) (protected, maintained, guarded)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

• ते (te) - they (referring to wealth) (they, those)

• असुखाः (asukhāḥ) - causing no happiness (unhappy, unpleasant, causing unhappiness)

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - with difficulty (by suffering, with difficulty, with pain)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अधिगम्यन्ते (adhigamyante) - they are acquired (they are obtained, they are acquired, they are understood)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (referring to wealth) (of them, of those)

• नाशम् (nāśam) - destruction (of wealth) (destruction, loss, ruin)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• चिन्तयेत् (cintayet) - one should worry about (one should think, one should reflect, one should worry)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - wealth (plural) (wealth (plural), objects, purposes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - wealth, purpose, object, meaning

Note: Subject of the sentence.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - difficult (difficult, suffering, misery)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery, difficulty

Note: Used as an adjective, 'difficult' for `parityaktuṃ`.

परित्यक्तुं (parityaktuṁ) - to abandon (wealth) (to abandon, to renounce, to give up)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of the root √tyaj (class 1) with prefix pari-.

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Infinitive of purpose.

पालिताः (pālitāḥ) - protected (wealth) (protected, maintained, guarded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pālita

pālita - protected, guarded, preserved

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of the root √pāl (to protect).

Root: pāl (class 10)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - they (referring to wealth) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to `arthāḥ`.

असुखाः (asukhāḥ) - causing no happiness (unhappy, unpleasant, causing unhappiness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of asukha

asukha - unhappy, unpleasant, causing pain or sorrow, joyless

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of 'a' (not) and 'sukha' (happiness).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sukha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• sukha – happiness, pleasure, ease
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicative adjective.

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - with difficulty (by suffering, with difficulty, with pain)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery, difficulty

Note: Indicates the manner of acquisition.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अधिगम्यन्ते (adhigamyante) - they are acquired (they are obtained, they are acquired, they are understood)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of adhigam

Present passive 3rd plural

Passive form of the root √gam (class 1) with prefix adhi-.

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (referring to wealth) (of them, of those)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to `arthāḥ`.

नाशम् (nāśam) - destruction (of wealth) (destruction, loss, ruin)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāśa

nāśa - destruction, ruin, loss, disappearance

Derived from the root √naś (to perish, disappear) with the suffix -a.

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Object of the verb `cintayet`.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

चिन्तयेत् (cintayet) - one should worry about (one should think, one should reflect, one should worry)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of cint

Optative active 3rd singular

Optative form of the root √cint (class 10 denominative from `cintā`).

Root: cint (class 10)