महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-2, verse-57

श्वभ्यश्च श्वपचेभ्यश्च वयोभ्यश्चावपेद्भुवि ।
वैश्वदेवं हि नामैतत्सायंप्रातर्विधीयते ॥५७॥

57. śvabhyaśca śvapacebhyaśca vayobhyaścāvapedbhuvi ,
vaiśvadevaṁ hi nāmaitatsāyaṁprātarvidhīyate.

57. śvabhyaḥ ca śvapacobhyaḥ ca vayobhyaḥ ca avapet
bhuvi vaiśvadevam hi nāma etat sāyam prātaḥ vidhīyate

57. One should scatter (food) on the ground for dogs, outcastes, and birds. Indeed, this is called Vaiśvadeva, and it is performed in the evening and morning.

Words meanings summery:

• श्वभ्यः (śvabhyaḥ) - for dogs

• च (ca) - and, also

• श्वपचोभ्यः (śvapacobhyaḥ) - for dog-eaters, for outcastes

• च (ca) - and, also

• वयोभ्यः (vayobhyaḥ) - for birds

• च (ca) - and, also

• अवपेत् (avapet) - should scatter, should throw down

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

• वैश्वदेवम् (vaiśvadevam) - Vaiśvadeva (a ritual offering to all gods)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• नाम (nāma) - is called by the name (name, by name)

• एतत् (etat) - this

• सायम् (sāyam) - in the evening

• प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning

• विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is performed, is prescribed, is arranged

Words meanings and morphology

श्वभ्यः (śvabhyaḥ) - for dogs

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of śvan

śvan - dog

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

श्वपचोभ्यः (śvapacobhyaḥ) - for dog-eaters, for outcastes

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of śvapaca

śvapaca - dog-eater, outcaste (a specific class of outcastes)

Compound type : tatpurusha (śvan+paca)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• paca – eater, cook
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from the root pac (to cook, eat).
  Root: pac (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वयोभ्यः (vayobhyaḥ) - for birds

(noun)

Dative, neuter, plural of vayas

vayas - bird, fowl, age, youth

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अवपेत् (avapet) - should scatter, should throw down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of avap

Root vap with prefix ava.

Prefix: ava

Root: vap (class 1)

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land

वैश्वदेवम् (vaiśvadevam) - Vaiśvadeva (a ritual offering to all gods)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vaiśvadeva

vaiśvadeva - relating to all gods, the Vaiśvadeva sacrifice (a daily ritual offering)

Derived from viśvadeva (all gods).

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

नाम (nāma) - is called by the name (name, by name)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation, noun

Note: Used adverbially here, meaning 'by name' or 'it is called'.

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

सायम् (sāyam) - in the evening

(indeclinable)

प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning

(indeclinable)

विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is performed, is prescribed, is arranged

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vidhā

Root dhā with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)